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Regional Hospitalization Agency (RHA): it has four missions:

• to define and implement regional policy in hospital healthcare delivery through the Regional Health Organization Programme and the health map;
• to analyse and coordinate the activity of public and private health establishments;
• to control their functioning;
• to determine their resources through the annual budget. (Ministry of Health)

Global Health Workforce Alliance: this alliance, hosted and administered by WHO, is a partnership bringing together stakeholders (recipient countries, donors, private sector, ISOs, universities etc.); its priority is Africa. (AFD)

Global public good: transposition to the international level of the concept of goods, services and collective resources whose existence benefit the international community. In its purest definition a global public good is not exhausted when it is consumed (non-rivalry property) and no one is excluded from consuming it (non-exclusion property). Its production therefore poses considerable problems of financing and action on an international level. It requires cooperation between all countries whether developed or developing. A few examples of global public goods: “environmental” goods (climate change, ozone layer), “human” goods (health, scientific knowledge, global cultural heritage) and issues of global policy (peace, financial stability). (AFD)

Medium Term Development Framework (MTDF): The MTDF is a budget planning instrument for the implementation of a Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper or a sectoral programme, generally fixed for three or five years. It creates a link between policy, planning and budget making and guarantees operational policy. It is a way to base expenditure programming on an action plan coherent with policy implementation. The MTDF must include the four following features:

• be exhaustive and include all sources of financing, even external;
• be realistic and neither underestimate expenditure nor overestimate revenue;
• be clear on the way resources will be used and the results to be measured;
• be validated by the Ministry of Finance (or budget). (AFD)

Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP): The PRSP initiative was launched at the end of 1999 by the World Bank and IMF in relation to the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HIPC). The PRSP is a document which defines the economic and social development of a country for the three coming years; it ideally reflects country-ownership of policies and broad-based partnerships between stakeholders. At its inception only a small number of poor countries soliciting debt relief under HIPC prepared PRSPs. PRSPs subsequently became a prerequisite for all poor countries benefiting from either International Development Association (IDA) concessional loans, IMF-Facility loans for growth and poverty reduction, or multi-donor global budget support programmes. (AFD)

Human capital: people’s innate abilities and talents plus their knowledge, skills, and experience that make them economically productive. Human capital can be increased by investing in healthcare, education, and job training. (World Bank)

Debt Reduction-Development Contracts (C2D): Debt Reduction-Development Contracts are the additional French bilateral component of the HIPC debt relief initiative for developing countries. It is a grant refinancing mechanism for debt repayments by the countries concerned. Financing focuses on a limited number of “allocation areas” selected in four sectors: (i) basic education and vocational training; (ii) primary healthcare and fighting the great endemics (particularly the fight against AIDS); (iii) equipment and infrastructure for local authorities; (iv) land use planning and water resource management. (AFD)

Global burden of disease (GBD): population health indicator developed in particular by the World Bank and World Health Organization which quantifies the loss of life in good health due to premature death from disease or disability – expressed in Disability Adjusted Life Years. (BDSP: public health database)

Sustainable development: development which meets the needs of the present generation without depriving future generations of the possibility to meet their own needs. (AFD)

Partnership framework documents (DCP): Partnership framework documents are pluriannual framework instruments for France’s official development assistance in the 55 countries of the priority solidarity zone. They aim to ensure improved strategic piloting for French official development assistance particularly by strengthening French aid concentration allocated for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. This concentration takes place by selecting two or three areas of intervention among the seven strategy sectors validated by CICID for the achievement of the MDGs. The seven sectors are the following: education, water and sanitation, health and the fight against HIV/AIDS, agriculture and food security, infrastructure development, protection of the environment and biodiversity and development of the productive sector. (French Ministry of Foreign Affairs).

Fiscal space: room in a government´s budget that allows it to provide resources for a desired purpose without jeopardizing the sustainability of its financial position or the stability of the economy (IMF)

Priority Solidarity Fund (PSF): The Priority Solidarity Fund is the project aid instrument of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It finances, exclusively through grants, French Ministry of Foreign Affairs support to the priority solidarity zone (ZSP) for institutional, social and cultural development and research. These projects were transferred to AFD in 2005 after the reform of the French cooperation mechanism in 2004. (French Ministry of Foreign Affairs)

INTERREG European fund: the INTERREG III (2000-2006) community initiative is designed to strengthen economic and social cohesion throughout the EU, by fostering the balanced development of the continent through cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation.(European Union)

Harmonisation: process begun by bilateral and multilateral donors with the aim of: (i) sharing information, diagnostics and sectoral studies for instance; (ii) rationalizing and simplifying systems and procedures; or (iii) implementing ODA according to common procedures or even joint decision-making. (AFD)

Compulsory licence: compulsory licences allow third parties to use an invention without the patent holder’s consent. This is part of the flexibility provided for in the WTO Agreement on TRIPS (trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights) in terms of patent protection. (WTO)

Chronic disease: diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. They include cancer, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, obesity and mental illnesses and by extension post trauma disorders and accidents. (WHO and AFD)

Communicable diseases: diseases caused by microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi) or protozoa, transmitted to the human being by a person or infected animal or an inanimate source. (BDSP: public health database)

Infant-juvenile mortality: infant-juvenile mortality refers to the death of children under five years old. (AFD)

Maternal mortality: maternal mortality refers to the death of women during pregnancy, labour or up to 42 days following delivery. (AFD)

Neonatal mortality: neonatal mortality refers to the number of children dying under 28 days of age. (AFD)

Structural adjustment policy: at the end of the 1970s international financial institutions (IMF and World Bank) and industrialized countries imposed “structural adjustment programmes” to enable sustainable growth recovery and turn round catastrophic situations. These programmes are characterized by a drastic reduction in public expenditure financing, including social expenditure, by streamlining the civil service and above all opening up industrial and agricultural production to international competition by bringing down trade barriers and through a privatization policy. Stabilization measures target monetary policy (devaluation, interest rate hikes…) and budgetary policy (reduction in public services, privatization). Restoring measures target the domestic market: lifting price and wage caps, suppressing grants for basic necessity products and trade policy to remove barriers to export and foreign investment. (Coordination Sud)

Social and Environmental Responsibility (SER): application by economic actors of the principles of sustainable development. (AFD)

Regional Health Organization Programme (SROS): the health organization programme forecasts and prompts necessary changes in preventive, curative and palliative healthcare delivery in order to meet physical and mental health needs. It also includes healthcare delivery for pregnant women and newborn children. It aims to create changes and complementarities in healthcare as well as cooperation, particularly between health establishments. It defines objectives in order to improve quality, accessibility and efficiency in health organization. (Regional hospitalization agencies’ portal)

Informal sector: characterized by an absence of regulation and taxation and is made up of non-structured microenterprises and self-employed workers. It has limited capital and its workforce is often unskilled and plentiful, costs little, and is driven by market laws based on both competition and tradition. Family relations play an important role. This population is widely illiterate and few young people go to school. (AFD)

Mortality rate: refers to the number of deaths in a year expressed as a percentage of the population or per 1000 inhabitants; (World Bank)

HIV prevalence rate: estimated number of people of a given age group living with HIV/AIDS at the end of a given year, expressed as a percentage of the total population of the corresponding age group. (UNESCO)

Epidemiological transition: epidemiological transition refers to the changeover from an epidemiological profile with predominant communicable and nutritional diseases to a profile where chronic, degenerative and mental diseases are predominant. (AFD)

Demographic transition: demographic transition refers to the changeover from a regime of high mortality and fertility to a regime of low mortality and fertility resulting in a fall in population growth and a rise in life expectancy. (AFD)

“Three ones”: advocated by UNAIDS, “three ones” are a consensus for the global attack on AIDS:

• One agreed HIV/AIDS Action Framework that forms the basis for coordinating the work of all partners;
• One National AIDS Coordinating Authority with a broad based multi-sector mandate;
• One agreed M&E framework for overall national monitoring and evaluation. (UNAIDS)