Research

For countries to undertake the transition to renewable energy, one-off investments are never enough. Technical assistance contributes to the sustainability of infrastructure and the development of reliable renewable energy. In Egypt, the Africa Renewable Energy (ARE) Scale Up program, supported...

This paper explores trends in wage and income levels and inequality and mobility in Egypt, especially since 2012. Data are from the 1998, 2006, 2012, and 2018 waves of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS). The findings point to declining real wages and incomes and a rise in inequality...

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represent an important socioeconomic pillar that contributes to overall economic activity in many developing countries. The Covid-19 pandemic that emerged in the early months of 2020 is both a health and an economic crisis with dire consequences for...

Based in Cairo, AFD's Egypt office is attached to the North Africa Regional Division.

This paper revisits the debate on EuroMediterranean integration to reassess its observed and expected impact on the economic growth of the South and East Mediterranean countries (SEMCs).

In order to increase access for populations to clean and secure energy, the Government is implementing, with AFD’s support, a program to connect 1.5 million households to natural gas, which is locally-produced, cheaper, less polluting and less subsidized.

This project is the first operation in the water and sanitation sector in Egypt and involves a program to improve water and sanitation services in four Nile Delta governorates.

The objective of AFD’s intervention was to improve the equity and financial sustainability of the social protection system. It was structured around two pillars:  ...

Among the essential public utilities, sanitation and wastewater services present forms of organization and management that have contributed to make it low on the agenda of policy makers when it comes to the development of infrastructures. Backlogs in the provision of services to populations in...

This paper conducts a detailed analysis of the trends and patterns of women’s role in household non-agricultural enterprises in Egypt. The paper uses the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS) waves of 1998, 2006, 2012 and 2018. First, the paper examines whether households have enterprises and...

In response to the onslaught of Covid-19, many countries introduced lockdowns and social distancing measures of varying stringency, with severe repercussions for labor market participants. Youth and female workers, without solid attachments to formal establishments, or with caretaker roles at...

Digital technology is playing an increasingly prominent role in Africa’s economic development. In fact, more tech companies are developing across the continent than in the rest of the world. In the approach to the VivaTech technology and start-up event in Paris from June 14 to 17, we interview...

In October 2015, AFD allocated a EUR 50m sovereign loan to the Egyptian State to cofinance the construction of a 200 MW wind farm set up by the Egyptian renewable energies authority.

AFD has allocated a EUR 50m loan to the Egyptian State to cofinance a project, in partnership with European donors, to reinforce the power grid, including substations, power lines and communication systems.

Agence Française de Développement (AFD) and the Government of Egypt have signed on 10Th June 2020, a new Development Program Financing (DPF) agreement for the development of Egypt’s Electricity sector. The DPF comprises a credit facility of EUR 75 million—the first of two equivalent credit...

A total of 52 million people in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) were chronically undernourished in 2019. About eight million more were expected to fall into poverty and be food insecure in the Arab region by the end of 2021 owing to COVID-19. This study estimates if and to what extent...