Library

Minka Fund: a pioneering fund run by AFD and the French government to address questions of gender and gender-based violence in crisis zones. In 2023, nearly 100% of Minka projects helped boost gender equality, and for 25% of projects, gender equality was their principal objective,...

Located at the crossroads of West and Central Africa, Cameroon has historically been one of AFD Group’s main countries of intervention. Most recently, AFD has supported Cameroon through major infrastructure projects such as the...

Located at the crossroads of West and Central Africa, Cameroon has historically been one of AFD Group’s main countries of intervention. Most recently, AFD has supported Cameroon through major infrastructure projects such as the...

Three decades ago, it was believed that the end of the (first) Cold War would herald the “end of history” and the advent of economic globalization dominated by multinational companies, relegating governments to the sidelines. Today, we appear to be back in a political era, with governments...

The Minka Peace and Resilience Fund is AFD's peacebuilding tool dedicated to territories affected by crises or violent conflicts. Positioned on the humanitarian-...

Progress made in development is under threat from increasingly complex crises. To deal with this problem, Team France created a funding tool dedicated to peacebuilding: the Minka Peace and Resilience Fund. How can we ensure the...

More than 3 billion people live in contexts that are highly vulnerable to climate change (IPCC, 2022). Yet, adapting to the impacts of climate change remains a complex process: multiple sectors as well as a wide range of social,...

The Minka Peace and Resilience Fund, implemented by AFD, is dedicated to medium and long-term financing  operations in regions affected by crisis or violent conflict. The Minka...

An increased recourse to financing from the domestic banking sector has proved to be an important source of resilience for many developing countries in their efforts to face expenditures generated by the Covid-19 crisis. The second issue of MacroDev Semestrial Panorama offers an analysis of the...

At the heart of the African continent, Central Africa is a diverse area that is loosely and unevenly integrated regionally and marked by contradictory dynamics and tensions which can weaken cohesion, whereas several countries in the region face common challenges. Established in Douala,...

Given the extent of production forests, which is much larger than protected areas, sustainable logging, through timber concessions with forest management plans, can be a valuable tool for forest conservation, combining biodiversity conservation, economic production, and local development. To...

As crises become longer and more complex, AFD Group has made a key commitment to sustainable peace, the climate and social cohesion. This commitment is part of France’s...

In 2015, world leaders committed, through the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, to reduce inequalities. Accordingly, a specific Sustainable Development Goals Goal (SDG 10) has been expressly devoted to address this challenge. The objective of this study is to test the...

As crises become longer and more complex, AFD Group has made a key commitment to sustainable peace, to the climate and to social cohesion. This commitment is part of France’s “Prevention, Resilience and Sustainable Peace” strategy aimed at minimizing States’ and societies’ vulnerabilities. This...

The violence linked to the Boko Haram crisis has had an impact far beyond the birthplace of the movement in northeast Nigeria, its combat zones and the areas to which its fighters have withdrawn. The multidimensional consequences of this crisis have affected the entire sub-region of the...

To allow for the production of timber while preserving conservation values, forestry regulations in the Congo Basin have made Forest Management Plans (FMP) mandatory in logging concessions. This paper uses original high-resolution maps of forest-cover changes and official records on the...

In comparing the contrasting situations of the “Penja pepper” and “Oku white honey” supply chains after their registration as geographical indications (GI) in Cameroon, this technical paper identifies the conditions under which a GI can be a development tool for producers. The prerequisites: a...

From 2009, insecurity linked to the insurgency of the Boko Haram group and its repression spreads from the heart of Nigerian Borno to the north-east of the country and then to the border areas of neighboring countries, Cameroon, Niger and Chad. The crisis has progressively affected the entire...

Inclusive economic and social recovery around Lake Chad (RESILAC) Like Arafa, 3 million people had to flee their homes because of the security crisis in the Lake Chad region. As part of the Sahel Alliance, we provide psychological and professional assistance to these...

This eight-country evaluation seeks to measure how the ELAN Program methods of written language acquisition have an impact, during the first two years of primary school (Grade 1 and Grade 2), on oral and written language performance in African languages (one language per country) and in French. A...