Library

Since the last edition of our publication MacroDev Semestrial in February 2023, international economic developments have remained eventful and intense, against the backdrop of the continued global geopolitical reconfiguration. They are not without consequences for emerging and developing...

Driven by sustained economic growth, demand for energy in China has increased dramatically in recent decades. In response to crucial environmental and health issues, the Chinese government has adopted a highly ambitious policy for energy...

The record urban development which has accompanied China’s economic growth has raised huge challenges in terms of access to urban amenities and the limitation of the environmental footprint of cities. The promotion of...

The Chinese government has set itself highly ambitious aims in the fight against climate change, in particular its target for carbon neutrality by 2060. To reach these goals, the...

Exposed to the effects of climate change and the world’s biggest producer of greenhouse gases, China has undertaken ambitious national and international engagements for climate...

China has adopted an ambitious strategy and action plan to preserve its biodiversity. AFD is supporting this policy by funding sustainable development and ecological...

Located in East Asia, China is the most populous country in the world (1.4 billion people). It is also a huge territory with an exceptional natural and cultural heritage.  Since 2004, AFD has been working in partnership...

The 8th Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), which was held in Dakar in November 2021, strengthened the pillars of a “new era” of China-Africa cooperation in various fields, including energy, which is geared towards a “quality” development combining financial and environmental...

From 2010 to 2019, the international community committed USD 1,700 billion in loans for developing countries. While multila-teral development banks continued to provide the bulk of financings (60% of the total), close to 20% came from relatively new actors, amongst which the BRICS countries –...

The Changyuan River restoration project in Shanxi province, China, relies on nature-based solutions to restore essential ecological heritage and increase the capacity of local ecosystems to adapt to climate change. The project offers a model for preserving wetlands in arid or semi-arid climates...

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Agence Française de Développement (AFD) Group have been prolific partners for over 20 years. We cofinanced over 70 projects amounting to $13.8 billion. Since our first cofinancing initiative in Viet Nam...

AFD has been operating in China since 2004 to promote green and inclusive growth. The Agency’s action in the country in part operationalises the commitments made by France with respect to the bilateral relation. This was raised to the...

Through the financing of major infrastructure projects, China has become a key player in development finance. How is Chinese aid distributed and by what means and modalities? Which Chinese institutions are involved in development cooperation? How can China contribute to the financing of the...

AFD is the first agency to be 100% in line with the Paris Agreement and to make strong commitments on climate financing by supporting the transformation of financial actors' practices and promoting sustainable financing. This leaflet aims at presenting AFD’s offer to public banks, particularly...

The Mekong River is a common good and its fairly-shared management can be a source of peace and development. This delta is one the biggest water reservoirs in the world along with Amazonia. 80 million people directly or indirectly rely on this delta for their living. The Mekong’s efficient...

This study looks at an emerging trend in which wealthy families, individuals, and corporations in Asia set up foundations to institutionalise their giving. This giving is motivated by a myriad of factors beyond prestige and status, including the desire to give back to society, religion, family...

In China, district heating projects in Jinzhong and Taiyuan were subject to an evaluation in May 2017. In 2005, the Government of the People’s Republic of China set national goals for...

A cluster of 5 district heating projects financed by AFD in China was evaluated. They were approuved between 2012 and 2017, some of which were still being implemented at the time of the evaluation. They...

A comparative analysis of agroecology network led to a classification based on their conditions of emergence, their structure and governance mechanisms. The study points the strengths and weaknesses of the existing networks at the different scales. It shows that the different agroecology schools...

Energy is an important component of the economy and is a fundamental factor of production. In general we expect is use to grow in some relation to growth in economic activity. Empirically we see a closer relationship (higher E/GDP elasticity) in emerging economies where the energy intensive...