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Despite a robust institutional framework and a broadly sound policy mix, Colombia’s economic model is running out of steam. For over a decade, since the end of the commodities supercycle,growth has been trending downward and socioeconomic indicators have stagnated, signs that the economy is...

The low-carbon transition, despite its imperative nature, is likely to present both economic and social opportunities as well as downside risks, depending on the companies, sectors, or regions. The assessment of these risks through the conduct of in-depth microeconomic studies is a mean...

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), industry generates a fifth of the world’s direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It also produces indirect emissions due in part to electricity generation, the world’s largest source of emissions. The reduction of industrial emissions is thus a...

This paper examines the impact of the green transition on the Colombian labor market. Using a task-based approach and data from the 2022 Colombian Household Survey, we find that approximately 22.6% of Colombian employment is linked to green tasks, with 15.9% directly affected by the green...

This publication is a synthesis of a study by International IDEA: “Deliberative Democracy and Climate Change; Exploring the Potential of Climate Assemblies in the Global South”. The two main crises of the 21st century are the erosion of democratic norms and freedoms and climate change. As the...

As part of the ECOPRONAT research programme, AFD supports the development of methodologies for assessing environmental sustainability on a territorial scale using the ESGAP (Environmental Sustainability...

We encourage Colombian policymakers and stakeholders to leverage the detailed insights the Environmental Sustainability Gap (ESGAP) framework provides to refine and strengthen environmental policies. The ESGAP reveals sustainability vulnerabilities in areas such as forest management, CO2...

With over fifty percent of its total exports consisting of petroleum and coal, Colombia remains highly vulnerable to both global and domestic energy transitions. With the aim of fostering policy dialogue, this book assesses these long-term macro-financial risks, opportunities and vulnerabilities...

The datafication era has transformed the technological landscape, digitizing multiple areas of human life and offering opportunities for societal progress through the re-use of digital data. Developing countries stand to benefit from datafication but are faced with challenges like insufficient...

In 2020, Colombia recorded the highest levels of inequality and poverty in the last decade. According to the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE, 2020), the monetary poverty rate reached 42.5% and the GINI inequality index stood at 0.544. The increase in these indicators can...

While forest ecosystems provide invaluable services to water users, conservation efforts have fallen short of needs. Spending on nature is negligible compared to the $800bn invested annually by the water sector.To bridge the conservation funding gap, one solution could be the monetization of...

The transition to a low-carbon and climate resilient economy is a process of heavy restructuring of the productive network, during which sunset industries are in decline or even disappear, while sunrise industries emerge and flourish. This process affects all aspects of the economy:  the demand...

This paper aims to understand the long-term consequences for the Colombian economy of a global low-carbon transition. The paper proposes an...

Thanks to the wealth and progress of official information in Colombia, mainly from household surveys with sufficient population representativeness, the AFD, together with the European Union, and in...

The dual shock of the health crisis and the war in Ukraine has pushed up inflation to an extent not seen in developed countries since the 1979 oil shock and the Iran-Iraq war. This shock has put an end to two decades of disinflation imported from China and other emerging and developing countries...

The AFD and The FFEM launched the multi-country project TerrIndigena, which aims to support the organizational processes of 18 indigenous communities in the Amazon in three countries: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. This initiative is developed in collaboration with the Gaia Amazonas...

AFD has been developing two macroeconomic modelling tools – the GEMMES and...

This paper exposes the measures extended to informal workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study analyzes two South-American countries which have a high percentage of informality, Colombia and Brazil. We study the implications of the expansion of the social assistance programs of these two...

This document presents the strategy of the Regional Office (RO) of the Andean Region (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador...

In 2015, world leaders committed, through the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, to reduce inequalities. Accordingly, a specific Sustainable Development Goals Goal (SDG 10) has been expressly devoted to address this challenge. The objective of this study is to test the...