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This paper examines income inequality in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) region, using recent harmonized household survey data across eight member countries.  The study explores the levels and drivers of inequality by assessing the differences between income- and...

Since emerging from its “lost decade” (2000-2010), Côte d'Ivoire has enjoyed strong economic growth (+7.2% since 2012). Resilient in the face of successive external shocks, it has confirmed its position within the WAEMU. A lower-middle-income country, it aspires to join the upper bracket by 2030...

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), industry generates a fifth of the world’s direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It also produces indirect emissions due in part to electricity generation, the world’s largest source of emissions. The reduction of industrial emissions is thus a...

Three decades ago, it was believed that the end of the (first) Cold War would herald the “end of history” and the advent of economic globalization dominated by multinational companies, relegating governments to the sidelines. Today, we appear to be back in a political era, with governments...

The Gulf of Guinea's low-lying soft coastline is highly vulnerable to coastal erosion and relative sea-level rise (rSLR). Large capital cities and core economic activities are concentrated along the coastline, and potentially exposed to unforeseen risk. Currently, there is limited research on...

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AFD has been developing two macroeconomic modelling tools – the GEMMES and...

More than 3 billion people live in contexts that are highly vulnerable to climate change (IPCC, 2022). Yet, adapting to the impacts of climate change remains a complex process: multiple sectors as well as a wide range of social,...

Being able to assess conflict risk at local level is crucial for preventing political violence or mitigating its consequences. This paper develops a new approach for predicting the timing and location of conflict events from violence history data. It adapts the methodology developed in Tapsoba (...

In closing its economic gap with emerging markets, Côte d’Ivoire will face a substantial increase in electricity demand over the next three decades. Côte d’Ivoire has signed the Paris Agreement that aims to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources, including...

CICLIA is a facility funded by the EU, SECO and AFD that supports more than 30 cities in sub-Saharan Africa in the preparation of low-carbon and resilient urban strategies and projects. In the Côte d'Ivoire, the...

Semestrial Panoramas are special issues of the MacroDev series written by AFD analysts; They present a synthesis of macronomic et socioeconomic analyses of emerging and developing countries. In addition to short, country-focused articles, a thematic section sheds light on broader economic and...

The military-political crisis in Côte d'Ivoire, sparked by an armed rebellion on September 19, 2002, increased inequalities in the CNW zone (Center, North, and West). However, even if they remained high, inequalities dropped in the pro-government zone.

The LAMPE study on the determinants of social inequalities in Côte d’Ivoire1 shows a persistence of inequalities between 2008 and 2015. In particular, inequalities in participation in the labor market between households headed by women and those headed by men subsist over the period.

Rapid population growth, poorly planned urbanization, and evolving agricultural production and distribution practices are changing foodways in African cities and creating challenges: Africans are increasingly facing hunger, undernutrition, and malnutrition. Yet change also creates new...

AFD has placed the implementation of the Paris Agreement at the heart of its mandate. A commitment that accompanies our actions in our different countries of intervention. Particularly in the Gulf of Guinea, we are targeting the strengthening of State action, adaptation to the effects of...

The pursuit of Domestic Resources Mobilization (DRM) objectives needs to be in agreement with the other SDGs set by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in particular the elimination of extreme poverty (SDG 1) and the reduction of inequality (SDG 10). This requires careful incidence...

The objective of this study is to analyse and compare the incidence of fiscal systems of three western African countries: Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Senegal. The analysis relies on different data and tools: (1) individual and household level data from three recent household surveys (EMOP2011, ESPS...

This note is based on a research program carried out by AFD since 2014 to assess the role of food markets in African cities and to shift to a more holistic approach of “food systems”, considering many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Based on case studies led in Rabat-Salé in Morocco,...

In Côte d’Ivoire, AFD is supporting training and vocational integration for young women via programs to set up micro and small enterprises (MSEs) and develop income-generating activities, including in sectors traditionally considered to be for men. Through the C2D, a mechanism to convert public...