According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), industry generates a fifth of the world’s direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It also produces indirect emissions due in part to electricity generation, the world’s largest source of emissions. The reduction of industrial emissions is thus a...
Insights from modelling and monitoring the circulation of marine debris in Indonesia
Southeast Asian countries face a significant plastic pollution challenge. This policy brief explores how advancements in modeling plastic particle trajectories can further contribute to the region’s...
The relationship between the European Union and AFD Group is particularly strong in Southeast Asia, taking the form of an ongoing dialogue on strategic aspects and sectoral priorities, in line with our respective priorities in response to country needs...
State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) play a key role in the access to public services and implementation of public policies especially in sectors related to infrastructure such as...
AFD Group’s regional strategy for Southeast Asia aligns with the priorities of French development policy defined by the Interministerial Committee on International Cooperation and Development (CICID), and with France’s vision of the Indo-Pacific, in the context of implementing the Sustainable...
The authors analyze the exchange rate and balance of payment crisis risks when MDBs lend, in hard currency, to NDBs, for NDBs to onlend to investment projects. Investment projects maybe “export-enhancing” (EXIPs), which generate hard currency (for example, building a port or developing export...
Households in Indonesia and Vietnam that are poor, rural, older, headed by women, and/or from ethnic minorities bear the biggest burden of variability in climatic conditions.
New research investigates whether climate variability in the two countries has regressive effects on income...
Is climate variability regressive? One argument could be as follows: People living in areas with high risk of climate hazards usually correspond to the most disadvantaged populations. Due to existing structural inequalities, they have limited opportunities to cope with climate hazards and often...
Despite being generally poorly recognized by public authorities, informal recycling remains nevertheless a major component in the waste sector, which questions the legitimacy of the official waste arrangements. A look at the current transformation in Hanoi (Vietnam), Delhi (India) and Surabaya (...
Most papers dealing with energy efficiency policies focus on the policies and measures implemented in OECD countries and this may lead one to think that only the “rich” countries are developing efforts in this field. International experience shows that emerging countries and even poor developing...