Library

Minka Fund: a pioneering fund run by AFD and the French government to address questions of gender and gender-based violence in crisis zones. In 2023, nearly 100% of Minka projects helped boost gender equality, and for 25% of projects, gender equality was their principal objective,...

The Minka Peace and Resilience Fund is AFD's peacebuilding tool dedicated to territories affected by crises or violent conflicts. Positioned on the humanitarian-...

As crises become longer and more complex, AFD Group has made a key commitment to sustainable peace, to the climate and to social cohesion. This commitment is part of France’s “Prevention, Resilience and Sustainable Peace” strategy aimed at minimizing States’ and societies’ vulnerabilities. This...

The wars in Syria and Iraq have driven more than 15 million people to flee their homes and have caused the largest population displacement in the Middle East since World War II. The top host countries for these refugees are the neighboring countries, especially...

This paper revisits the debate on EuroMediterranean integration to reassess its observed and expected impact on the economic growth of the South and East Mediterranean countries (SEMCs).

During the nineties, the globalization of telecommunications imposed a model of development based on the suppression of public monopolies, leading to international competition and the privatization of public telecommunication operators. These economic dynamics have been fostering regulatory and...