Library

As we move into 2025, the legitimacy of the world order inherited from the fall of the Iron Curtain is confronted more than ever with the “ambivalent superpower” of the United States, already described by H. Kissinger in his book, but also with accusations of “double standards” between the North...

Minka Fund: a pioneering fund run by AFD and the French government to address questions of gender and gender-based violence in crisis zones. In 2023, nearly 100% of Minka projects helped boost gender equality, and for 25% of projects, gender equality was their principal objective,...

AFD has been working in Jordan since 2006, primarily on issues related to climate change adaptation and social cohesion, through solidarity-based and sustainable investments. As key...

The Minka Peace and Resilience Fund is AFD's peacebuilding tool dedicated to territories affected by crises or violent conflicts. Positioned on the humanitarian-...

Agriculture in Jordan is a particularly constrained sector given the dry climate and the limited endowment in water resources.However, the sector is connected to several strategic issues, such as food security, employment, rural development and environmental preservation. This study offers a...

The Compact reached between Jordan and its main donor countries in February 2016 by virtue of which Jordan committed itself to regularize the professional status of Syrian refugees in exchange for financial and economic compensations, confirmed the necessity of transitioning between...

Progress made in development is under threat from increasingly complex crises. To deal with this problem, Team France created a funding tool dedicated to peacebuilding: the Minka Peace and Resilience Fund. How can we ensure the...

The Union for the Mediterranean, the European Union, Agence Française de Développement and the European Investment Bank have joined forces to build a successful transition towards sustainable Mediterranean cities. The Urban Projects Finance Initiative (UPFI) supported public project...

The Minka Peace and Resilience Fund, implemented by AFD, is dedicated to medium and long-term financing  operations in regions affected by crisis or violent conflict. The Minka...

At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, the self-reported mental well-being of women in certain Middle East and North African (MENA) countries was significantly worse compared to that of men. New analysis has found that certain household and employment-related factors, such as food insecurity and...

A total of 52 million people in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) were chronically undernourished in 2019. About eight million more were expected to fall into poverty and be food insecure in the Arab region by the end of 2021 owing to COVID-19. This study estimates if and to what extent...

In response to the onslaught of Covid-19, many countries introduced lockdowns and social distancing measures of varying stringency, with severe repercussions for labor market participants. Youth and female workers, without solid attachments to formal establishments, or with caretaker roles at...

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represent an important socioeconomic pillar that contributes to overall economic activity in many developing countries. The Covid-19 pandemic that emerged in the early months of 2020 is both a health and an economic crisis with dire consequences for...

This study estimates the impacts of the evolving COVID-19 crisis on the trends in workers’ employment outcomes in Egypt and Jordan. Using panel microdata from ERF COVID-19 MENA Monitors, waves 1–5 (July ‘20–September ‘21), we estimate logit models of workers’ job loss, and multinomial logits of...

For the past twenty years, AFD Group in the Middle East has positioned itself as a capable platform for mobilizing expertise and financing, and has been advocating for partnership reflexes with the European delegations and the EU Member States cooperation services to address the root causes of...

AFD Group is a major partner of Middle Eastern countries. Its action aims to identify and promote sustainable development pathways on the premise of mitigating vulnerabilities that compromise the future of next generations. The Middle East Regional Office manages and supports the Group’s...

Jordan’s capital Amman hosted, in October 2021, the 9th edition of the “Baladk Street & Urban Art Festival”, organized by Al Balad Theater. The international and local artists participating in this year’s festival were given the challenge of bringing to life the themes of water scarcity, the...

> Jordan is in the throes of a property crisis: following a construction boom, sales have now collapsed and housing is ill-adapted to demand, > 18% of the housing stock is kept vacant in anticipation of speculative sales, > Jordan hosts 750,000 refugees registered with...

As crises become longer and more complex, AFD Group has made a key commitment to sustainable peace, the climate and social cohesion. This commitment is part of France’s...

As crises become longer and more complex, AFD Group has made a key commitment to sustainable peace, to the climate and to social cohesion. This commitment is part of France’s “Prevention, Resilience and Sustainable Peace” strategy aimed at minimizing States’ and societies’ vulnerabilities. This...