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As we move into 2025, the legitimacy of the world order inherited from the fall of the Iron Curtain is confronted more than ever with the “ambivalent superpower” of the United States, already described by H. Kissinger in his book, but also with accusations of “double standards” between the North...

AFD Group promotes a fair and inclusive transition in Georgia, and its convergence path towards its integration in the European Union. It has been operating in Georgia since 2012 in the sectors of energy, agriculture and irrigation,...

A small Western Asian country, Georgia has an outward-looking economic model,mainly based on services such as trade and tourism. The Georgian economy is thus highly vulnerable to external shocks and was hard hit by the Covid-19 crisis, with a recession of 6.8% in 2020, the worst since 1994. In...

The specific objectives are:   To structure the regulatory framework of the EE sector ;  To support Georgia in the regulatory and operational implementation of the third Energy Package and including the development of a social support scheme for vulnerable customers to...

Stretching from the borders of the European Union to the heart of Asia, the area covered by the eurasia regional office is characterized by its vast geographical scope and diverse socio-economic contexts.  The AFD...

At Agence Française de Développement, we believe that every development project needs to consider its contribution to the fight against climate change. In Euasia, thanks to...

Financing initiatives that promote gender equality, women's rights and their empowerment is at the very core of AFD commitments, in line with France's International Strategy for Gender Equality. AFD is committed to taking...

In a region stretching from the borders of the European Union to the heart of Asia, AFD Group contributes to the fight against climate change and works towards fairer and more inclusive...

Eurasia’s Regional Office covers a wide geographical area, from the borders of the European Union to the heart of the Eurasian landmass. Four sub-regions compose this area: the Western Balkans, Turkey, the South Caucasus, and...

Semestrial Panoramas are special issues of the MacroDev series written by AFD analysts; They present a synthesis of macronomic et socioeconomic analyses of emerging and developing countries. In addition to short, country-focused articles, a thematic section sheds light on broader economic and...

Based in Istanbul, the Eurasia regional office incorporates four AFD agencies (Belgrade, Istanbul, Tbilisi, Tashkent) covering twelve countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia,...