Library

When a project ends, AFD's operational teams systematically assess the project's progress—resources, achievements, and results—by drafting a completion report. A project evaluation can then be conducted to better understand what worked well and what didn't, for example, with a view to improving...

Approximately half of the target population is excluded from a South African social assistance programme intended to provide income support to working-age adults—the Covid 19 Social Relief of Distress (SRD) grant. To date research has not systematically investigated the drivers and mechanisms by...

The paper examines the role of Public Employment Programs (PEPs) within South Africa’s evolving social protection landscape, emphasizing their intersection with unemployment, inequality, and social policy. The study highlights structural inequalities—such as land dispossession, concentrated...

For more than 80 years, the Agence Française de Développement has contributed to implementing France's policy on development, sustainable investment and international solidarity. Through its public sector and NGO financing activities, its research work and publications, training on sustainable...

This article examines the impact of energy-enhancing measures for the poor, such as social protection or energy-earmarked measures, on influencing energy poverty and vulnerability. It employs a literature review methodology to assess the latest twenty years of evidence in a widely scattered...

Alexandria, the second largest city in Egypt and the Mediterranean, faces major socio-economic, environmental, and urban challenges. The French Development Agency (AFD) funds structural projects to help authorities address these...

In response to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020-2021 the South African government instituted various economic relief and stimulus programmes. These included substantial increases to social grant disbursements, and a large new targeted jobs programme. Potential “spillover” or “...

The paper calls for implementation plans arising from the just transition framework in South Africa to be based on an explicit collaborative and adaptive approach and proposes a Partnering Implementation Model (PIM) to move from good intentions to implementation. The paper points to recurring...

The countries where AFD Group works are experiencing strong growth and urbanization. As a result, they need more inclusive infrastructures and basic services that are structuring for their economies and responding to the essential needs of their populations. By mobilizing the...

Financial inclusion gives everyone, everywhere, access to essential and customized financial services. Through its projects worldwide, Agence Française de Développement (AFD) has made this theme one of the main pillars of its activities in the financial sector. With Hugo Lecué and Cosimo...

Innovation is driving the transition of financial systems in AFD's partner countries, encouraging them to move towards a more sustainable and inclusive development model. The use of digital technology and new financial tools is also changing the way that actors in the field operate.  #...

This paper investigates the potential associations between factors that affected households during the pandemic (such as food insecurity) and the gendered mental health inequalities in the MENA region. To analyze these potential associations, the paper used data from the World Health...

COVID-19 is testing food and social protection systems in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region at an unprecedented scale. Countries responded by expanding social safety nets (SSNs) and/or distributing new cash transfers. We estimate if and to what extent SSNs have mitigated food...

Industrialization drives the sustained growth in jobs and productivity that marks the developmental take-off of most developed economies. Yet, academics and policy makers have questioned the role of manufacturing in development for late industrializers, especially in view of rapid advancements...

AFD Group has been active in Southeast Asia for over 25 years. Find out what its strategic priorities are in the region and how it can support your projects to improve their impact! ©AFD2021

The AFD Group supports the development of inclusive and resilient infrastructure in the countries where it operates. Such infrastructure ensures access for populations to essential goods and services such as energy, transportation, healthcare, water and sanitation. Long-term partnerships...

AFD Group uses the social link – that is, the ties between individuals, social groups, territories, organisations and institutions – as the foundation for sustainable and shared development. Our 100% Social Link...

The Economic and Financial Transition Strategy is one of AFD’s 6 transitions. Its objective: support the transformation of economies to build economic, social and environmental balances...

Social housing is a powerful tool to integrate divided cities by providing decent rental accommodation for low- and moderate-income working families. It can bring communities together in dense urban areas with plentiful opportunities, and revitalise run down inner cities. Success depends on...

The distribution of both public healthcare spending and overall healthcare spending has become increasingly egalitarian in Burkina Faso, Malawi, and Zambia, according to a new study. Nevertheless, there remain significant regional differences within countries. In addition, limitations in data...