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While forest ecosystems provide invaluable services to water users, conservation efforts have fallen short of needs. Spending on nature is negligible compared to the $800bn invested annually by the water sector.To bridge the conservation funding gap, one solution could be the monetization of...

The transition to a low-carbon and climate resilient economy is a process of heavy restructuring of the productive network, during which sunset industries are in decline or even disappear, while sunrise industries emerge and flourish. This process affects all aspects of the economy:  the demand...

This paper aims to understand the long-term consequences for the Colombian economy of a global low-carbon transition. The paper proposes an empirical Stock-Flow Consistent model for Colombia, encompassing relevant dynamics for the economy: details regarding the trade balance such as fossil fuel...

Thanks to the wealth and progress of official information in Colombia, mainly from household surveys with sufficient population representativeness, the AFD, together with the European Union, and in...

The dual shock of the health crisis and the war in Ukraine has pushed up inflation to an extent not seen in developed countries since the 1979 oil shock and the Iran-Iraq war. This shock has put an end to two decades of disinflation imported from China and other emerging and developing countries...

The AFD and The FFEM launched the multi-country project TerrIndigena, which aims to support the organizational processes of 18 indigenous communities in the Amazon in three countries: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. This initiative is developed in collaboration with the Gaia Amazonas...

AFD has been developing two macroeconomic modelling tools – the GEMMES and...

This paper exposes the measures extended to informal workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study analyzes two South-American countries which have a high percentage of informality, Colombia and Brazil. We study the implications of the expansion of the social assistance programs of these two...

This document presents the strategy of the Regional Office (RO) of the Andean Region (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador...

In 2015, world leaders committed, through the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, to reduce inequalities. Accordingly, a specific Sustainable Development Goals Goal (SDG 10) has been expressly devoted to address this challenge. The objective of this study is to test the...

This work takes as its starting point the findings of local authorities in the global South: as and when they are required to shut down old disposal sites and invest in costly sanitary landfills, cities are taking a fresh look at the role of waste avoidance ensured by various recycling systems....

Since 2017, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and AFD, in partnership with the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI), have been supporting the...

The French Development Agency (AFD), along with Le Mans University, the Gevalor Association, Urbananalyse, and ALBWaste, conducted the ORVA2D (Organisation for Waste Recycling in Developing Cities) research program, aimed at developing a better understanding of the economic pattern of waste...

For cities to protect themselves against climate change, strong political commitment is of course necessary. But just this is not enough: A panoply of institutional, strategic and social factors is also required. This article presents the conditions—as identified by three AFD-commissioned research...

During the past twenty years, participation of the private sector in the field of essential services has been a topic of much discussion, allowing the expression of very different viewpoints and the multiplication of disciplinary approaches around this question. However, little work has been...