Library

The Union for the Mediterranean, the European Union, Agence Française de Développement and the European Investment Bank have joined forces to build a successful transition towards sustainable Mediterranean cities. The Urban Projects Finance Initiative (UPFI) supported public project...

To promote financial inclusion in Egypt, the French Development Agency, in collaboration with the Egyptian State Microenterprise and SME Development Agency (MSMEDA), supports female entrepreneurship and access to credit for women contractors.   ©AFD2022

The overall objective of the SASME Project (CEG1046) was to support the efforts of the Government of Egypt to create job opportunities and income generation in rural areas and develop the agricultural sector. More...

“AFD Group’s country strategy for Egypt up to 2025” builds on the joint programming and partnership initiative established between AFD and Egypt’s Ministry of International Cooperation. It presents a shared vision of the partnership that is capable to align AFD group’s sustainable development...

AFD Group has been operating in the energy sector in Egypt for almost 10 years, financing renewable energy projects and strengthening the electricity transmission network. AFD Group has already committed a total of 815 million euros in loans to Egypt's energy sector, including 116 million euros...

The objective of AFD’s intervention was to improve the equity and financial sustainability of the social protection system. It was structured around two pillars:  ...

At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, the self-reported mental well-being of women in certain Middle East and North African (MENA) countries was significantly worse compared to that of men. New analysis has found that certain household and employment-related factors, such as food insecurity and...

A total of 52 million people in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) were chronically undernourished in 2019. About eight million more were expected to fall into poverty and be food insecure in the Arab region by the end of 2021 owing to COVID-19. This study estimates if and to what extent...

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represent an important socioeconomic pillar that contributes to overall economic activity in many developing countries. The Covid-19 pandemic that emerged in the early months of 2020 is both a health and an economic crisis with dire consequences for...

In response to the onslaught of Covid-19, many countries introduced lockdowns and social distancing measures of varying stringency, with severe repercussions for labor market participants. Youth and female workers, without solid attachments to formal establishments, or with caretaker roles at...

This study estimates the impacts of the evolving COVID-19 crisis on the trends in workers’ employment outcomes in Egypt and Jordan. Using panel microdata from ERF COVID-19 MENA Monitors, waves 1–5 (July ‘20–September ‘21), we estimate logit models of workers’ job loss, and multinomial logits of...

For more than ten years, in North Africa, the AFD Group has developed a very close partnership with the European Commission. This partnership begins with a constant dialogue and continues with an operational collaboration in many important sectors:...

Set up in September 2019, the North Africa Regional Office covers five countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia,...

This paper explores trends in wage and income levels and inequality and mobility in Egypt, especially since 2012. Data are from the 1998, 2006, 2012, and 2018 waves of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS). The findings point to declining real wages and incomes and a rise in inequality...

This paper conducts a detailed analysis of the trends and patterns of women’s role in household non-agricultural enterprises in Egypt. The paper uses the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS) waves of 1998, 2006, 2012 and 2018. First, the paper examines whether households have enterprises and...

This paper examines the relationship between internal, international, and return migration in Egypt. Using the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS), this paper documents the evolution and patterns of internal migration over time. We examine patterns and trends of international and return...

Among the essential public utilities, sanitation and wastewater services present forms of organization and management that have contributed to make it low on the agenda of policy makers when it comes to the development of infrastructures. Backlogs in the provision of services to populations in...

This paper is an introduction to the current status of philanthropic giving in the Arab Countries. The paper is based upon previous research of the authors, mainly the PhD thesis of Marwa El-Daly, which explores in greater detail philanthropy in Egypt. The paper starts by looking at obligatory...

The aim of this study is to examine public food storage systems in developing countries, particularly Africa. In which context is it pertinent to set up one type of stock over another? What conditions have to be met to ensure the institutional and economic feasibility of this type of instrument...

This paper revisits the debate on EuroMediterranean integration to reassess its observed and expected impact on the economic growth of the South and East Mediterranean countries (SEMCs).