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This paper examines income inequality in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) region, using recent harmonized household survey data across eight member countries.  The study explores the levels and drivers of inequality by assessing the differences between income- and...

Over the past several years, Benin has demonstrated promising momentum, characterized by strong and resilient economic growth and a drive for structural reforms. The macro-fiscal trajectory appears favorable in the short to medium term, supported by one of the most dynamic growth rates on the...

Persistent economic and social inequalities constrain the inclusive development of nations. The internationally agreed Sustainable Development Goal 10 (SDG10) and its targets, aim to address these constraints through the promotion of equalising policies. This paper tests the validity of the...

Three decades ago, it was believed that the end of the (first) Cold War would herald the “end of history” and the advent of economic globalization dominated by multinational companies, relegating governments to the sidelines. Today, we appear to be back in a political era, with governments...

The Gulf of Guinea's low-lying soft coastline is highly vulnerable to coastal erosion and relative sea-level rise (rSLR). Large capital cities and core economic activities are concentrated along the coastline, and potentially exposed to unforeseen risk. Currently, there is limited research on...

More than 3 billion people live in contexts that are highly vulnerable to climate change (IPCC, 2022). Yet, adapting to the impacts of climate change remains a complex process: multiple sectors as well as a wide range of social,...

CICLIA is a facility funded by the European Union, SECO and AFD that supports more than 30 cities in sub-Saharan Africa in the preparation of low-carbon and resilient urban strategies and projects. Ganvié,...

AFD has placed the implementation of the Paris Agreement at the heart of its mandate. A commitment that accompanies our actions in our different countries of intervention. Particularly in the Gulf of Guinea, we are targeting the strengthening of State action, adaptation to the effects of...

This paper investigates the impact of regional migration on average wages and wage inequality in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA). We exploit a unique data from a unified labour force household survey which covers natives and migrants in the seven economic capitals of the...

This eight-country evaluation seeks to measure how the ELAN Program methods of written language acquisition have an impact, during the first two years of primary school (Grade 1 and Grade 2), on oral and written language performance in African languages (one language per country) and in French. A...

The aim of this study is to better understand, from the information collected on missions undertaken in Senegal, Benin, Ghana, Mozambique, and Brazil, the scope and methods of Chinese and Brazilian cooperation interventions in western and southern Africa’s agricultural sector.

It is now a widely recognised fact in the economic literature that the level of per capita income and the degree of sectoral concentration of economic activity evolve together over the long term. The empirical research of Imbs and Wacziarg (2003) has notably shown that production diversification...

In the coming decades, West African countries could benefit from a “demographic window of opportunity” in order to reduce their poverty. The entry of 160 million young people into the labor market between 2010 and 2030 can accelerate economic growth. However, these countries will only benefit...

As Africa grows and modernizes, it is crucial to understand how to better translate these positive trends into poverty reduction through productive employment, especially for the 7–10 million young people entering the labor force every year. Until now, there have been few systematic studies on...

The current development of African education systems focuses on the perspective of universal completion of six years of schooling. This perspective, targeted by the international community for the year 2015 (Dakar declaration, Millennium Development Goals), will no doubt be reached by a number of...

This report is part of a study carried out by the AFD Research Department on vocational training in the informal sector in seven African countries, which are, in alphabetical order, South Africa, Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Morocco and Senegal.