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Increased knowledge about anthropogenic climate change has raised growing concerns about its potential catastrophic impacts on both ecosystems and human societies. Yet, several studies on damages induced on the economy by unmitigated global warming have proposed a much less worrying image of the

Aquifer systems, which can contain a major part of the accessible water resources of a country, are often imperfectly known. However, and much more commonly than transboundary rivers, many aquifers are shared between several countries that use this resource in an independent and generally

? How can undesirable effects be avoided? To answer these questions, this report is based on the current status of theoretical debate, a review of the evolution of public storage systems and the teachings from three national case studies (Ethiopia, Burkina Faso and Egypt). The analysis emphasizes the

The World Bank‘s World Development Report 2006 published in September 2005 addresses Equity and Development. The report defines equity as respect for equal opportunities combined with the avoidance of absolute deprivation

use it and comment on it. However, the concept only gives the appearance of being a specific and operational notion. On the contrary, it raises several questions: Where has this concept come from and why has it been so successful in discourses? How is this instrument placed in relation to all the

Through the financing of major infrastructure projects, China has become a key player in development finance. How is Chinese aid distributed and by what means and modalities? Which Chinese institutions are involved in development cooperation? How can China contribute to the financing of the

Poverty reduction has become the focus of economic policy in many Sub-Saharan African countries. As a result, a need for new social indicators has arisen to monitor the application and effectiveness of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). In recent years, there have been renewed efforts to

The Boulangerie Française offers trainings in bakery jobs, which facilitates the integration of disadvantaged young people into the labour market and improves their living conditions. Meeting with May Myat Thy, a bakery student at the training centre in Yangon, Myanmar. This project is supervised by the IECD and supported by AFD. ©AFD2019

, construction, mobility, urban planning, agriculture, our consumption patterns and leisure activities. The challenge is to bring about large-scale changes in the consumption and production of low-carbon energy and, at the same time, provide access to reliable energy services for more than a billion

Ecuador adopted the U.S. dollar as its legal tender in January 2000, in a context of deep economic and political crisis. Almost two decades later in December 2019, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved a total disbursement of US$498 million after the completion of