Publications and media
113 results for ""financial systems""
Impact of Microcredit in Rural Areas of Morocco: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation
Microcredit has rapidly expanded in recent years, providing access to financial services to a large population previously excluded from the financial system. However, whether it helps the poor has bee...
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The Global Development Banks’ Architecture
This paper looks at the role, evolution and regional coverage of the system of multilateral and national development banks (MDBs and NDBs) and international climate change funds. It analyzes the roles...
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Effective development banking: loans or guarantees?
How should National Development Banks (NDBs) assess the cost-effectiveness of using loans and loan guarantees in order to choose the type of financial instrument most appropriate for each program? We...
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Sovereign Credit Ratings in Developing Countries-Regional Biases and Subjectivity Factors
Sovereign credit ratings play a critical role in the international financial system and have a tangible impact on countries’ fiscal, economic, and development trajectories. Nevertheless, the activity...
AFD Group Evaluations Report 2025
What lessons can be learned from the projects supported by the AFD Group? How can we enhance the effectiveness of our action? The insights gained from evaluations contribute to continuous learning,...
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Highlights from AFD Group Evaluations Report 2025
What lessons can be learned from the projects supported by the AFD Group? How can we enhance the effectiveness of our action? The insights gained from evaluations contribute to continuous learning,...
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Where does AFD's money come from, and where does it go?
For more than 80 years, the Agence Française de Développement has contributed to implementing France's policy on development, sustainable investment and international solidarity. Through its public se...
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Evaluating projects: a key issue for AFD
When a project ends, AFD's operational teams systematically assess the project's progress—resources, achievements, and results—by drafting a completion report. A project evaluation can then be conduct...
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