FiCS 2021: A New Database of the World’s 527 Public Development Banks and Financing Institutions Unveiled

For the first time, we have a clear picture of the number, scope and potential impact of the world’s Public Development Banks and financial institutions. AFD and the Institute of New Structural Economics (INSE) of Beijing University have joined forces to fill gaps in the information available about development financing institutions by creating a comprehensive database.  

Find out more: Public Development Banks and Development Financing Institutions: A Global Database

It sheds light on the identified 527 development financing institutions, their ownership structure and financial heft, as well as their potential contributions to development issues, notably, the Sustainable Development Goals. The database contains information ranging from the institutions’ income levels and mandate to their geographical scope of operations. It’s the result of years of work, beginning with INSE’s inaugural report released in 2019, which included a rich body of research based on first-hand data collection. 

Refined criteria, and a clearer picture

The report’s authors Jiajun Xu (INSE’s Executive Deputy Dean), Régis Marodon (AFD’s Senior Advisor on Sustainable finance) and Xinshun Ru (INSE’s Research Director on Development Financing Research) said the INSE-AFD partnership was crucial to the creation of the comprehensive database. 

“Building on INSE's inaugural report, INSE and AFD have joined hands,” they said, “by creating synergies between INSE's academic rigor and AFD's rich practical experiences to refine the qualification criteria of PDBs and DFIs, and distinguish them from other institutional arrangements.”

First launched by INSE and AFD last year, the original database counted some 450 Public Development Banks around the world. That number has since risen to more than 500, based on additional research and a refining of the definition of what constitutes a PDB or Development Financing Institution. 
 

The authors have defined five criteria for identifying PDBs and DFIs: 

1. They are legal entities with separate financial accounts, dedicated personnel, and are not established to fulfill short-term goals, as distinct from government credit programs, for example. 
2. They deploy financial instruments such as loans, equity and guarantees rather than grants only. 
3. Their funding sources go beyond periodic budgetary transfers from governments.
4. They proactively pursue a public policy-oriented official mandate in their charters.
5. Their corporate strategies are shaped in part by governments, which can select the CEO, act as majority shareholders and ensure the institution pursues its development-oriented mandate. 

“Applying these five criteria, we have identified 527 PDBs and DFIs worldwide and collected information revealing their vast diversity and economic weight,” says Xinshun Ru, one of the authors of the report, which also shows that BPDs and DFIs represent $18.7 trillion in aggregated total assets. Together, they contribute an estimated 10% of total global investment. 
 

PDB Mandates

• 35% with a flexible mandate
  - Supporting social, economic and environmental development
• 65% with a single-sector focus

Distribution of single-mandate Institutions 

“We hope our pilot efforts will lay the foundation for rigorous academic research [to] enhance our understanding of such important public financial institutions and of how they can contribute to building a more sustainable world”, says Professor Jiajun Xu, the Principal Investigator of this database-building project. 

KEY DATES

• 1816: creation of the French Caisse des Dépôts, the first Public Development Bank. 
• 1850: Cassa Depositi e Prestiti (Italy)
• 1898 : Kommunekredit (Denmark)

“AFD is interested in identifying [public financing institutions] that can form a world coalition to emphasize the importance of incorporating the Sustainable Development Goals into their corporate strategies,” says AFD’s Régis Marodon. 

The database and a brand-new data visualization website will be presented at the second edition of the Finance in Common Summit on October 20, 2021, by which time the dataset will be freely available here.