Publications and media
Migration during Economic Crisis: The Case of Egypt
Egypt has experienced a major economic crisis since March 2022, which has had substantial impacts on food inflation and standards of living. This crisis was compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, its gl...
Occupational Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap in Egypt, 1998–2023
Female labor force participation in Egypt remains low, and wages consistently under-reward women compared to men. This disparity is partly driven by the systematic channeling of women into lower-payin...
The Use of Information and Communication Technology in the Workplace in Egypt
The dynamic intersection between technology and labor constitutes the focal point of labor market policies designed to align with technological transitions. Studying the characteristics of digitized w...
The Evolution of Social Protection in Egypt, 2006-2023
This paper examines the trends in social protection coverage in Egypt over the 2006-2023 period. The different forms of protection that we analyze include contributory social insurance schemes, employ...
How are AFD and EU improving grain storage in Egypt?
In a global context marked by tensions, food security is a strategic priority for Egypt, the world's largest wheat importer. To address this dependency and strengthen its resilience, AFD is supporting...
Egypt: Reforming healthcare to promote equality
In Egypt, the universal health insurance reform is making steady progress, with its rollout now extended to six governorates, reaching nearly 5 million beneficiaries. In Ismaïlia, where over 80% of t...
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Water reuse, a strategic response to water stress?
The effects of climate change, which are particularly noticeable in countries around the Mediterranean and in the Middle East, are exacerbating water stress in these regions. Faced with increasing wat...
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Egypt : Five key projects in Alexandria
Alexandria, the second largest city in Egypt and the Mediterranean, faces major socio-economic, environmental, and urban challenges. The French Development Agency (AFD) funds structural projects to...
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AFD Group Offer in North Africa
Both a protean, multicultural region, but also a space of transitions and mobility, North Africa faces major challenges: accelerated urbanization (two-thirds of the population in North Africa lives in...
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MacroDev - Semestrial Panorama 2024 #2
2024 was supposed to be a year of rate cuts, ending with a question mark over the US elections which would reopen the scenarios for 2025… Yet, firstly, inflation is struggling to leave the stage and g...
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Urban Projects Finance Initiative (UPFI)
The Union for the Mediterranean, the European Union, Agence Française de Développement and the European Investment Bank have joined forces to build a successful transition towards sustainable Mediterr...
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Egypt: financial inclusion makes a bet on women entrepreneurs
To promote financial inclusion in Egypt, the French Development Agency, in collaboration with the Egyptian State Microenterprise and SME Development Agency (MSMEDA), supports female entrepreneurship a...
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Evaluation Summary - « Access to finance » component of the SASME project, Egypt
The overall objective of the SASME Project (CEG1046) was to support the efforts of the Government of Egypt to create job opportunities and income generation in rural areas and develop the agricultural...
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Semestrial Panorama 2022 #2
The rise in commodity prices had already been happening since mid-2020 and is subject to an in-depth analysis in this third issue of the semi-annual MacroDev Panorama. The objective is to place the dr...
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Egypt - Strategy to 2025
“AFD Group’s country strategy for Egypt up to 2025” builds on the joint programming and partnership initiative established between AFD and Egypt’s Ministry of International Cooperation. It presents a...
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In Egypt, AFD Group is committed to renewable energies
AFD Group has been operating in the energy sector in Egypt for almost 10 years, financing renewable energy projects and strengthening the electricity transmission network. AFD Group has already commit...
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Evaluation Summary - Social protection policy-based loan, Egypt
The objective of AFD’s intervention was to improve the equity and financial sustainability of the social protection system. It was structured around two pillars: - supporting the implementation of t...
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Social Safety Nets and Food Insecurity in MENA in the Time of COVID-19
A total of 52 million people in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) were chronically undernourished in 2019. About eight million more were expected to fall into poverty and be food insecure in the...
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Gender and Mental Health: COVID-19 shock-related factors
At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, the self-reported mental well-being of women in certain Middle East and North African (MENA) countries was significantly worse compared to that of men. New analys...
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Women and Youth labor market outcomes during Covid19: evidence from Egypt and Jordan
In response to the onslaught of Covid-19, many countries introduced lockdowns and social distancing measures of varying stringency, with severe repercussions for labor market participants. Youth and f...
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Resilience in the Time of Covid-19: Lessons Learned from MENA SMEs
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represent an important socioeconomic pillar that contributes to overall economic activity in many developing countries. The Covid-19 pandemic that emerged in...
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