Publications and media
The Global Development Banks’ Architecture
This paper looks at the role, evolution and regional coverage of the system of multilateral and national development banks (MDBs and NDBs) and international climate change funds. It analyzes the roles...
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Exchange rate and balance of payment risks in the global development finance architecture
The authors analyze the exchange rate and balance of payment crisis risks when MDBs lend, in hard currency, to NDBs, for NDBs to onlend to investment projects. Investment projects maybe “export-enhanc...
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Carbon Policies and Climate Financial Regulation
We analyze optimal climate financial regulation to address the question when capital requirements should be differentiated in order to encourage climate related investments. We distinguish between two...
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Scaling up public development banks’ transformative alignment with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Before the Covid-19 crisis struck, numbers said that implementing the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) would cost between USD 50 trillion and USD 70 trillion, over a 10-year pe...
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Can development banks step up to the challenge of sustainable development?
The great planetary challenges, be it the climate, loss of nature or human solidarity, call for concerted actions at all levels, on a scale commensurate with the problems. Yet, this transformative cha...
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Climate Change and Development Bank Project Cycles
In the five years since the Paris Agreement, Development Finance Institutions have made various commitments to aligning their operations with climate change goals. In this report, we analyze the exten...
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AFD and India: focus on urban transport
A partner of India since 2008, AFD works in agreement with Indian authorities to promote green and inclusive growth. It operates through soft loans to the state and public enterprises, as well as tech...
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AFD and India: focus on biodiversity
A partner of India since 2008, AFD works in agreement with Indian authorities to promote green and inclusive growth. It operates through soft loans to the State and public enterprises, as well as tech...
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Climate Variability and Inequality: Comparing the Experiences of Indonesia and Vietnam
Households in Indonesia and Vietnam that are poor, rural, older, headed by women, and/or from ethnic minorities bear the biggest burden of variability in climatic conditions. New research investigate...
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The Impact of Climate Variability on Inequality: Evidence from Indonesia
Households in Indonesia that are rural, older, larger, and/or headed by women experience worsening income, deeper poverty, and social exclusion as a consequence of climate instability. New research f...
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The Impact of Climate Variability on Inequality: Evidence from Vietnam
Climate instability in Vietnam leads to reduced incomes and greater inequality, especially in areas most affected by climatic events related to El Nino, such as the Central Highlands, Southeast and Me...
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The Landscape of Adaptation Aid in SIDS
Small island developing states (SIDS) are recognised as “particularly” vulnerable to the effects of climate change, and accordingly receive relatively high levels of adaptation assistance as a group....
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How to Finance the Protection of Biodiversity?
About $143 billion will be invested in the protection of biodiversity in 2020. However, three times as much is required to halt the destruction of ecosystems, and preserve the benefits and services th...
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Who bears the burden of climate variability? A comparative analysis of the impact of weather conditions on ine...
Is climate variability regressive? One argument could be as follows: People living in areas with high risk of climate hazards usually correspond to the most disadvantaged populations. Due to existing...
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Impact Evaluation Study of Forest Management Systems on the Forest Cover in the Congo Basin
Given the extent of production forests, which is much larger than protected areas, sustainable logging, through timber concessions with forest management plans, can be a valuable tool for forest conse...
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Fight against coastal erosion in New Caledonia
Ouvea is listed as World Heritage by UNESCO and is one of the largest Pacific atolls (54 km long, 132 km²). It has a population of 3,400. The island is particularly vulnerable to climate hazards and g...
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Biodiversity: Reconciling Development with Nature
Scientists maintain that ecosystems and natural resources are the foundations on which the future of all societies will be built. It is therefore crucial to preserve their integrity, diversity and cap...
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México's partnership for biodiversity
For 10 years, AFD has supported the Mexican authorities in defining innovative models for the enhancement of territories and protection of biodiversity. Explanations and sharing of experiences with :...
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Reporting Climate Bond AFD 2019
The climate is a key focus area for AFD Group’s work. In 2019, AFD continued working towards the objectives set by its new climate strategy (2017-2022), which reflects its aim to help implement the Pa...
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Climate - Development 2017-2022 Strategy: Midterm review
This midterm review confirms that AFD is on track to meet, or has already met, many of the targets set in the 2017-2022 climate strategy. Significant progress has been made in relation to the volume o...
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Kiwa Initiative
The Pacific Ocean is a world heritage region that needs to be preserved with its outstanding land and marine biodiversity that affords priceless services to communities. Located in one of the world’s...
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