Publications and media
Data4Nature: presentation of the initiative
Through the projects and studies they finance, public development banks assist their clients in producing flora and fauna observation data, which represents a valuable asset in maintaining biodiversit...
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Demand-induced transition risks: A systemic approach applied to South Africa
When trying to assess the economic consequences of a transition to a low carbon economy, it might seem reasonable to concentrate on the sectors using carbon-intensive technologies and thus emitting im...
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Vietnam: 3 years of partnership to engage young people against climate change
Over the past three years, AFD and the Vietnam Youth Union have carried out various actions to raise awareness among young people about the fight against climate change and encourage them to take acti...
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Hanoi metro: toward a greener city
D’une longueur de 12,5 km, la ligne de métro 3 entre Nhon et la gare de Hanoï jouera un rôle stratégique pour relier la partie occidentale de la capitale au centre-ville et aux zones environnantes, ré...
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Territorial and Ecological Transition - 2020-2024 Strategy
Rural development and urban development are closely intertwined, being interdependent and complementary. It was thus time to initiate a joint reflection, taking account of each territory's specific ch...
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AFD and Agriculture, Rural Development and Biodiversity
Improving agricultural production and preserving ecosystems are two major challenges for sustainable development of rural areas. AFD finances development programs and projects and supports its partner...
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Flooding: Prevention as the Best Option
Across the world, flooding remains the most frequent and most damaging natural risk. This technical report begins by exploring the reasons for this state of affairs: hydrological regimes, the existenc...
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Energy, a driver of development
The energy transition is now underway in developing and developed countries alike. Driven mainly by technological progress, it aims for access to efficient, resilient and low-carbon energy services fo...
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A World Tour of Climate Solutions - 2020 Edition
This second edition of the World Tour of Climate Solutions presents a sample of projects financed by AFD Group. What is a climate project? How does it meet a need in a given region? What is its impact...
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Data4Nature Initiative
In France, the Law on Reclaiming Biodiversity, Nature and Landscapes has required public and private contracting authorities to contribute to the inventory of natural heritage since 2016. In this way...
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The Global Development Banks’ Architecture
This paper looks at the role, evolution and regional coverage of the system of multilateral and national development banks (MDBs and NDBs) and international climate change funds. It analyzes the roles...
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Exchange rate and balance of payment risks in the global development finance architecture
The authors analyze the exchange rate and balance of payment crisis risks when MDBs lend, in hard currency, to NDBs, for NDBs to onlend to investment projects. Investment projects maybe “export-enhanc...
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Carbon Policies and Climate Financial Regulation
We analyze optimal climate financial regulation to address the question when capital requirements should be differentiated in order to encourage climate related investments. We distinguish between two...
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Scaling up public development banks’ transformative alignment with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Before the Covid-19 crisis struck, numbers said that implementing the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) would cost between USD 50 trillion and USD 70 trillion, over a 10-year pe...
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Can development banks step up to the challenge of sustainable development?
The great planetary challenges, be it the climate, loss of nature or human solidarity, call for concerted actions at all levels, on a scale commensurate with the problems. Yet, this transformative cha...
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Climate Change and Development Bank Project Cycles
In the five years since the Paris Agreement, Development Finance Institutions have made various commitments to aligning their operations with climate change goals. In this report, we analyze the exten...
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AFD and India: focus on urban transport
A partner of India since 2008, AFD works in agreement with Indian authorities to promote green and inclusive growth. It operates through soft loans to the state and public enterprises, as well as tech...
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AFD and India: focus on biodiversity
A partner of India since 2008, AFD works in agreement with Indian authorities to promote green and inclusive growth. It operates through soft loans to the State and public enterprises, as well as tech...
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Climate Variability and Inequality: Comparing the Experiences of Indonesia and Vietnam
Households in Indonesia and Vietnam that are poor, rural, older, headed by women, and/or from ethnic minorities bear the biggest burden of variability in climatic conditions. New research investigate...
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The Impact of Climate Variability on Inequality: Evidence from Indonesia
Households in Indonesia that are rural, older, larger, and/or headed by women experience worsening income, deeper poverty, and social exclusion as a consequence of climate instability. New research f...
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The Impact of Climate Variability on Inequality: Evidence from Vietnam
Climate instability in Vietnam leads to reduced incomes and greater inequality, especially in areas most affected by climatic events related to El Nino, such as the Central Highlands, Southeast and Me...
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