Publications and media
The Proof is in the Pudding. Revealing the SDGs with Artificial Intelligence
The use of frontier technologies in the field of sustainability is likely to accompany its visibility, and the quality of information available to decision makers. This paper explores the possibility...
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Greening China’s investments in Africa: issues and challenges
The 8th Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), which was held in Dakar in November 2021, strengthened the pillars of a “new era” of China-Africa cooperation in various fields, including energy, wh...
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Development finance fragmentation and diversification: the case of China, India and Türkiye
From 2010 to 2019, the international community committed USD 1,700 billion in loans for developing countries. While multila-teral development banks continued to provide the bulk of financings (60% of...
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Replay: MacroDev Online Webinar on the Commodity Prices Boom
Along this webinar at the occasion of the release of the MacroDev-Semestrial Panorama 2022 #2, AFD economists provided analysis in a thematic note devoted to commodities. Several country cases illustr...
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Public bank lending in Africa in times of crisis
This paper examines public bank lending in Africa in times of crisis. To do so, we exploit an original data set covering all banks operating in eight West African countries. The final sample considers...
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E-commerce tax: an opportunity for Africa?
The digital transformation does away with the need for multinational enterprises to be physically present in the countries where they operate. This poses a major challenge in terms of taxation and los...
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Semestrial Panorama 2022 #2
The rise in commodity prices had already been happening since mid-2020 and is subject to an in-depth analysis in this third issue of the semi-annual MacroDev Panorama. The objective is to place the dr...
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Innovation, a driver of sustainable financial systems
Innovation is driving the transition of financial systems in AFD's partner countries, encouraging them to move towards a more sustainable and inclusive development model. The use of digital technology...
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Making financial systems more inclusive and accountable
Financial inclusion gives everyone, everywhere, access to essential and customized financial services. Through its projects worldwide, Agence Française de Développement (AFD) has made this theme one o...
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Angola: a vital but constrained transformation of the economic model in the run-up to the 2022 elections?
The country is therefore approaching the general elections of August 24, 2022 in a changing economic and political environment. Lourenço, who is running for president, will be able to claim that the e...
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Strengthening public policies to improve the management of financial systems
The State and financial authorities ensure the proper functioning of financial systems by limiting risks and encouraging good practices in this sector, contributing positively to sustainable developme...
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Kosovo: The Challenges of Building the Growth Model
A small country in the Western Balkans, Kosovo unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia in 2008. It has since strengthened its independence and built its sovereignty, resulting in a gradual...
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North Macedonia: Identifying a development model for the future
North Macedonia is a small, landlocked country in the Balkans that gained independence in 1991 and has a turbulent history bound up with its pursuit of regional and international recognition. The coun...
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AFD and State-Owned Enterprises
State-owned enterprises (SOEs) play a role in the implementation of development policies. For this reason, they are key players in a country’s economic and social environment, and improving their perf...
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AFD Group and Financial Systems
Financial actors play a major role in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Their actions contribute to building economic, social and environmental trajectories that are sustain...
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Financial Systems - 2018-2022 Strategy: Summary of the Midterm Review
The Financial Systems strategy was adopted in 2018. Faced with the challenges and opportunities of a radically changing sector, its purpose is to contribute to building inclusive, sustainable and resp...
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Climate - 2021 Activity Report
Climate change and biodiversity loss could jeopardize efforts to fulfill the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Capping the rise in global temperatures to below 2°C – or even to 1.5 °C if p...
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AGREENFI, an Agricultural and Rural Finance Label
Agricultural and rural development are essential for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It also has a leverage effect for reducing social, economic, and climate vulnerabilities, and f...
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Research Conversations replay: A “Silent Spring” for the Financial System? Exploring Biodiversity-Related Fina...
This webinar is part of the conference series 'Research Conversations'.
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Economic and Financial Transition - 2021-2025 Strategy
The financial and economic transition designates a process through which an economy is transformed in order to build sustainable long-term economic, social and environmental balances. To respond more...
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The Global Development Banks’ Architecture
This paper looks at the role, evolution and regional coverage of the system of multilateral and national development banks (MDBs and NDBs) and international climate change funds. It analyzes the roles...
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