Publications and media
101 results for ""financial systems""
L'économie africaine 2024: English version of Introduction & 1st Chapter
We are currently facing a systemic crisis, where geopolitical tensions and structural failures are inextricably linked, as are diplomacy and development. The growth trajectories that many countries ha...
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Counter-cyclical Responses: How Development Banks helped the Covid-19 Recovery, and Lessons for the Future
The objective of this paper is to shed light on the crucial and varied counter-cyclical roles played by development banks across the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic, and lessons learned for future...
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How can accounting reformulate the debate on natural capital and help implement its ecological approach?
This paper shows that the mainstream usage of ‘natural capital’ (NC) is incompatible with an ecological approach. It argues that accounting is relevant for (re)structuring the debate around NC and imp...
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Overview of the World Bank Group & AFD Group partnership
The World Bank Group (WBG) and AFD Group have built together innovative and impactful partnerships that catalyze finance, analytics and technical services at global, regional, country and local levels...
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Climate Finance, reviving the spirit of COP 21
Three years after COP21, as we witness on a daily basis the devastating effects of climate change and the urgent need to increase ambition, climate finance issues come back strongly at the surface, wi...
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L'économie africaine 2026: English version of Introduction & 1st Chapter
Year on year since 2020, L’Économie Africaine has established itself as an essential snapshot of the continent’s major challenges, offering nuanced, data-driven analysis unfettered by accepted ideas....
Beyond Redistribution: Market Power, Firm Structure, and the South African Labour Market
This paper examines how firm structure and market power shape inequality in South Africa. Moving beyond a narrow focus on fiscal redistribution, it introduces a pre-distribution lens that highlights t...
Realizing the Potential of National Development Banks to Boost Sustainable Development Financing with MDB Supp...
The world’s public development banks cannot avoid confronting the global environmental and climate finance crises. Nor should they. This research paper asks, ‘What do national development banks (NDBs)...
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Finance in Common: The first global summit of all Public Development Banks
The Finance in Common Summit, taking place during the Paris Peace Forum in November 2020, will address our common need to build new forms of prosperity that take care of the living (people and planet)...
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Impact of Microcredit in Rural Areas of Morocco: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation
Microcredit has rapidly expanded in recent years, providing access to financial services to a large population previously excluded from the financial system. However, whether it helps the poor has bee...
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The Global Development Banks’ Architecture
This paper looks at the role, evolution and regional coverage of the system of multilateral and national development banks (MDBs and NDBs) and international climate change funds. It analyzes the roles...
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Effective development banking: loans or guarantees?
How should National Development Banks (NDBs) assess the cost-effectiveness of using loans and loan guarantees in order to choose the type of financial instrument most appropriate for each program? We...
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Sovereign Credit Ratings in Developing Countries Regional - Biases and Subjectivity Factors
Sovereign credit ratings play a critical role in the international financial system and have a tangible impact on countries’ fiscal, economic, and development trajectories. Nevertheless, the activity...
AFD Group Evaluations Report 2025
What lessons can be learned from the projects supported by the AFD Group? How can we enhance the effectiveness of our action? The insights gained from evaluations contribute to continuous learning,...
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Highlights from AFD Group Evaluations Report 2025
What lessons can be learned from the projects supported by the AFD Group? How can we enhance the effectiveness of our action? The insights gained from evaluations contribute to continuous learning,...
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Where does AFD's money come from, and where does it go?
For more than 80 years, the Agence Française de Développement has contributed to implementing France's policy on development, sustainable investment and international solidarity. Through its public se...
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Evaluating projects: a key issue for AFD
When a project ends, AFD's operational teams systematically assess the project's progress—resources, achievements, and results—by drafting a completion report. A project evaluation can then be conduct...
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