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Improving European coordination in fragile states - Main report
This document is the main report of a study carried out by the Centre for EU Studies (CEUS), Ghent University, and commissioned by the Practitioners’ Network for European development cooperation in 20...
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Social Cohesion and inequality in South Africa
We examine recent trends in social cohesion and inequality, and the relationship between the two in South Africa using date from the South African Reconciliation Barometer Surveys. Given that the coun...
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Vulnerabilities to Crises and Resilience - 2017-2021 Strategy: Executive summary
AFD has chosen to make the fight against vulnerabilities and the response to crises one of the main axes of its activity. Indeed in the 2025 prospective exercise that AFD undertook, the crises – envir...
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A Poverty Forecasting Tool
Poverty reduction has become the focus of economic policy in many Sub-Saharan African countries. As a result, a need for new social indicators has arisen to monitor the application and effectiveness o...
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Aid Selectivity According to Augmented Criteria
A dominant trend in the literature maintains that donor assistance should be targeted to poor countries with sound institutions and policies. In this context, donor selectivity refers to what extent a...
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Assessing Credit Guarantee Schemes for SME, Finance in Africa - Evidence from Ghana, Kenya, South Africa and T...
To assess credit guarantee schemes (CGSs) in Ghana, Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania, the authors investigated the entire supply chain running from credit guarantee providers to banks (and other finan...
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Economic and Financial Transition - 2021-2025 Strategy
The financial and economic transition designates a process through which an economy is transformed in order to build sustainable long-term economic, social and environmental balances. To respond more...
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AFD and China
Located in East Asia, China is the most populous country in the world (1.4 billion people). It is also a huge territory with an exceptional natural and cultural heritage. Since 2004, AFD has been w...
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AFD and the water and sanitation sector in Kenya
Kenya has embarked on an ambitious Water and Sanitation Sector Development Program. In order to contribute to its achievement, AFD is focusing on three main strategic lines: Improving access to...
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Inequalities and environmental changes in the Mekong region: A systematic mapping
How do accelerating environmental changes impact inequalities and how do rising inequalities affect in reverse environmental dynamics? This paper is built on a systematic mapping (2019-2021) studying...
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Displaced Sand, Displaced People: Examining the Livelihood Impacts of Sand Mining in Cambodia
This working paper focuses on the livelihood impacts of river sand mining in Cambodia. We draw on two examples: (a) that of sand miners, working directly in riverbed sand mining in and around Phnom Pe...
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AFD and Sustainable Urban Development in China
The record urban development which has accompanied China’s economic growth has raised huge challenges in terms of access to urban amenities and the limitation of the environmental footprint of cities....
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AFD and the Development of a Green Financial System in China
The Chinese government has set itself highly ambitious aims in the fight against climate change, in particular its target for carbon neutrality by 2060. To reach these goals, the financial sector and...
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AFD and the Fight Against Climate Change in China
Exposed to the effects of climate change and the world’s biggest producer of greenhouse gases, China has undertaken ambitious national and international engagements for climate change. In the frame...
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AFD and Energy Transition in China
Driven by sustained economic growth, demand for energy in China has increased dramatically in recent decades. In response to crucial environmental and health issues, the Chinese government has adopted...
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Fiscal Consolidation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Unequal Effects on Children’s Health
New research reveals that policies of fiscal consolidation (public spending cuts and/or tax rises) in sub-Saharan African countries are, on average, associated with higher infant mortality: the estima...
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Building Fiscal Capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Local Inequality
Are people’s attitudes towards taxation affected by local levels of inequality in the provision of public goods such as electricity, healthcare, and education? New research on sub-Saharan Africa revea...
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Measuring Local Inequality: Insights from Data on Night Lights
Data on human emissions of light at night – as detected by satellites – provide valuable insights into the extent of inequality at the local level. New research uses the latest generation of night lig...
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Multidimensional Inequality in Vietnam
Even though Vietnam has achieved great social and economic development over the past 30 years, notorious gaps remain not only in income, but also in other critical dimensions of well-being and politic...
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Springs and collective laundries in the city of La Paz, notes for their management
The urban landscape of the city of La Paz hides a large number of underground rivers but reveals dozens of springs on its hillside territories. These springs have multiple meanings, mainly for women,...
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