Publications and media
107 results for ""financial systems""
Ethiopia: An Economy under Reconstruction
Since mid-2024, Ethiopia’s economy has been gradually emerging from crisis, supported by the implementation of an IMF-backed reform program. Focused on exchange rate liberalization, fiscal consolidati...
Nigeria: The Long Road from Stabilization to Development
In 2023, the Tinubu administration inherited a challenging economic situation, with Nigeria still bearing the scars of the 2014 oil price shock as it entered the COVID-19 crisis. The reforms implement...
Carbon market integrity: How to move beyond the limitations and uncertainties?
Carbon markets are expanding rapidly, driven by net-zero commitments and the rise of compliance mechanisms. Yet their environmental integrity remains fragile: information asymmetries, over-crediting,...
Beyond "dichotomania"
The invention of the categories of “developed” and “developing” in the mid-20th century created a representation of the world whose impact has been nothing short of extraordinary. So much so tha...
Sustainability-Linked Bonds and Credit Enhancement: New Approaches for PDB Financing
The investments needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals particularly in emerging markets and developing economies, require the mobilization of more available capital. Public development ba...
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Ex-Post decentralized evaluation - NHB project SUNREF, India (CIN1021)
SUNREF India aimed to promote green affordable housing. Implemented by the National Housing Bank (NHB) from 2017 to 2022, the programme sought to integrate environmental sustainability with social inc...
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Evaluation Highlights: In Tunisia, the emergence of a sustainable microfinance sector
Microcredit is a key tool in Tunisia for promoting the financial and economic inclusion of the most disadvantaged people, in both urban and rural areas. AFD Group has been working since 2011 to suppor...
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Evaluation of AFD - Bank of Kigali projects (2011 – 2022), Rwanda (CRW1023-CRW1045-CRW1046)
The overall objectives of the projects with Bank of Kigali were to support the expansion in the bank’s corporate loan portfolio, specifically to Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), by reducing...
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From Multi- to National- and Back Again: Realizing the SDG Potential of Public Development Banks
Public multilateral (MDBs) and national development banks (NDBs) are already working to advance the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). But can they do more to help deliver finance at the righ...
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Public bank lending in Africa in times of crisis
This paper examines public bank lending in Africa in times of crisis. To do so, we exploit an original data set covering all banks operating in eight West African countries. The final sample considers...
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AFD and State-Owned Enterprises
State-owned enterprises (SOEs) play a role in the implementation of development policies. For this reason, they are key players in a country’s economic and social environment, and improving their perf...
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Research Conversations replay: A “Silent Spring” for the Financial System? Exploring Biodiversity-Related Fina...
This webinar is part of the conference series 'Research Conversations'.
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Environmental and Social Framework
The present document establishes the Environmental and Social Framework of the AFD and GCF ‘Transforming Financial Systems for Climate’ Programme. It describes standards, procedures, processes and too...
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Evaluation of AFD’s Sunref Program and Transformational Credit Line to Industrial Development Corporation (IDC...
AFD supported three consecutive projects implemented by the IDC in South Africa between 2012 and 2024, aiming to strengthen IDC’s contribution to reducing the country’s carbon footprint and energy int...
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Rwanda: Building Clean Infrastructure for a Green and Inclusive Future
In Rwanda, the Agence Française de Développement (AFD) is supporting the country’s accelerating green transition through Ireme Invest — an initiative led by the Rwanda Development Bank (BRD).
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Comparative analysis of biodiversity measurement approaches for public development banks
Biodiversity loss is a major global challenge, pushing public development banks (PDBs) to align with frameworks such as the GBF, TNFD, and CSRD. To support this, AFD and EBRD assessed six biodiversity...
Capital Markets Usage by Development Banks
This paper analyzes the role of capital markets in development finance. It identifies which Public Development Banks issue bonds, examines how and to what extent they leverage their capital, and what...
Research Conversations replay: Bonds for Sustainable Development?
This webinar is part of the conference series 'Research Conversations'.
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Colombia: Squaring energy transition and fiscal credibility to transform the economy
Despite a robust institutional framework and a broadly sound policy mix, Colombia’s economic model is running out of steam. For over a decade, since the end of the commodities supercycle,growth has be...
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Côte d’Ivoire - Macro-financial resilience and pursuit of an emerging ambition
Since emerging from its “lost decade” (2000-2010), Côte d'Ivoire has enjoyed strong economic growth (+7.2% since 2012). Resilient in the face of successive external shocks, it has confirmed its positi...
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How do global decarbonization trends create external risks for emerging and developing economies?
The low-carbon transition, despite its imperative nature, is likely to present both economic and social opportunities as well as downside risks, depending on the companies, sectors, or regions. The as...
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