Publications and media
101 results for ""financial systems""
Beyond "dichotomania"
The invention of the categories of “developed” and “developing” in the mid-20th century created a representation of the world whose impact has been nothing short of extraordinary. So much so tha...
Sustainability-Linked Bonds and Credit Enhancement: New Approaches for PDB Financing
The investments needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals particularly in emerging markets and developing economies, require the mobilization of more available capital. Public development ba...
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Ex-Post decentralized evaluation - NHB project SUNREF, India (CIN1021)
SUNREF India aimed to promote green affordable housing. Implemented by the National Housing Bank (NHB) from 2017 to 2022, the programme sought to integrate environmental sustainability with social inc...
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Evaluation Highlights: In Tunisia, the emergence of a sustainable microfinance sector
Microcredit is a key tool in Tunisia for promoting the financial and economic inclusion of the most disadvantaged people, in both urban and rural areas. AFD Group has been working since 2011 to suppor...
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Evaluation of AFD - Bank of Kigali projects (2011 – 2022), Rwanda (CRW1023-CRW1045-CRW1046)
The overall objectives of the projects with Bank of Kigali were to support the expansion in the bank’s corporate loan portfolio, specifically to Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), by reducing...
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From Multi- to National- and Back Again: Realizing the SDG Potential of Public Development Banks
Public multilateral (MDBs) and national development banks (NDBs) are already working to advance the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). But can they do more to help deliver finance at the righ...
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Public bank lending in Africa in times of crisis
This paper examines public bank lending in Africa in times of crisis. To do so, we exploit an original data set covering all banks operating in eight West African countries. The final sample considers...
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AFD and State-Owned Enterprises
State-owned enterprises (SOEs) play a role in the implementation of development policies. For this reason, they are key players in a country’s economic and social environment, and improving their perf...
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Research Conversations replay: A “Silent Spring” for the Financial System? Exploring Biodiversity-Related Fina...
This webinar is part of the conference series 'Research Conversations'.
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Environmental and Social Framework
The present document establishes the Environmental and Social Framework of the AFD and GCF ‘Transforming Financial Systems for Climate’ Programme. It describes standards, procedures, processes and too...
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Rwanda: Building Clean Infrastructure for a Green and Inclusive Future
In Rwanda, the Agence Française de Développement (AFD) is supporting the country’s accelerating green transition through Ireme Invest — an initiative led by the Rwanda Development Bank (BRD).
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Comparative analysis of biodiversity measurement approaches for public development banks
Biodiversity loss is a major global challenge, pushing public development banks (PDBs) to align with frameworks such as the GBF, TNFD, and CSRD. To support this, AFD and EBRD assessed six biodiversity...
Capital Markets Usage by Development Banks
This paper analyzes the role of capital markets in development finance. It identifies which Public Development Banks issue bonds, examines how and to what extent they leverage their capital, and what...
Colombia: Squaring energy transition and fiscal credibility to transform the economy
Despite a robust institutional framework and a broadly sound policy mix, Colombia’s economic model is running out of steam. For over a decade, since the end of the commodities supercycle,growth has be...
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Côte d’Ivoire - Macro-financial resilience and pursuit of an emerging ambition
Since emerging from its “lost decade” (2000-2010), Côte d'Ivoire has enjoyed strong economic growth (+7.2% since 2012). Resilient in the face of successive external shocks, it has confirmed its positi...
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How do global decarbonization trends create external risks for emerging and developing economies?
The low-carbon transition, despite its imperative nature, is likely to present both economic and social opportunities as well as downside risks, depending on the companies, sectors, or regions. The as...
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Double Standards in Financing for Development
The issue of international development and climate financing is currently at the forefront, especially in the run up to COP29, COP30 and to the 2025 FfD4 Conference in Seville. However, the internatio...
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Finance for Biodiversity: A journey to link nature and business
A global agenda that positions biodiversity concerns at the core of sustainable development priorities has emerged. The 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP 15...
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How Public Development Banks mobilize their resources to finance transitions?
This paper studies how Public Development Banks (PDBs) are able to finance the transition by focusing on their funding resources. The first part of the paper focuses on an explanatory analysis of fund...
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MacroDev - Semestrial Panorama 2024 #2
2024 was supposed to be a year of rate cuts, ending with a question mark over the US elections which would reopen the scenarios for 2025… Yet, firstly, inflation is struggling to leave the stage and g...
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Enhancing Environmental Sustainability Through the Environmental Sustainability Gap (ESGAP) Framework in Colom...
We encourage Colombian policymakers and stakeholders to leverage the detailed insights the Environmental Sustainability Gap (ESGAP) framework provides to refine and strengthen environmental policies....
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