This guide is intended to help staff of Agence Française de Développement (AFD) and other interested stakeholders identify and address potential domestic governance barriers to implementing and enhancing climate policies and actions. The guide starts with the assumption that effective climate governance must build equity and must therefore address social inequalities and link closely with sustainable development. Rather than prescribing the specific actions that countries should take, the guide suggests that practitioners consider legal and regulatory frameworks, institutional capacity to carry out key functions, the role of nongovernmental actors, coherence between climate and sustainable development agendas, and the political economy of decisions made by key actors. The authors provide a framework for assessing potential political, economic, and institutional barriers to sample governance problems and suggest that readers downscale and adapt this framework to their contexts. The guide includes several brief case examples as illustrations of concepts and practices. It is not intended to be exhaustive and does not specifically address key sectors or the governance of climate finance, although it may still be useful to practitioners in these areas.