Publications and media
Why is ocean acidification a major political issue?
Ocean acidification, caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide emitted by human activities, is one of the most worrying challenges of climate change. It threatens marine ecosystems, in particular cor...
Published on
How can nature support resilience planning and climate action in cities?
This policy brief provides feedback on a new rapid approach to identifying (i) climate and natural risks, (ii) potential nature-based solutions (NbS) to address those risks, and (iii) strategies to im...
Published on
Sustainability-Linked Bonds and Credit Enhancement: New Approaches for PDB Financing
The investments needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in emerging markets and developing economies, require the mobilization of more available capital....
Published on
Projections of Heat Stress in Vietnam Using Physically-Based Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature
The wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is a widely used index for assessing heat stress. However, many studies on heat stress under climate change rely on simplified WBGT calculations, which may introd...
Published on
What do civil society actors think about the human rightsbased approach ?
On the eve of the international conference Human rights and sustainable development, which took place at AFD on 8 December 2023, many representatives of civil society organizations from all continents...
Published on
Realizing the Potential of National Development Banks to Boost Sustainable Development Financing with MDB Supp...
The world’s public development banks cannot avoid confronting the global environmental and climate finance crises. Nor should they. This research paper asks, ‘What do national development banks (NDBs)...
Published on
Reimagining Data Governance for AI
This report introduces a practical, community-centered framework for governing data reuse in the development and deployment of artificial intelligence systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC...
Published on
Colombia: Squaring energy transition and fiscal credibility to transform the economy
Despite a robust institutional framework and a broadly sound policy mix, Colombia’s economic model is running out of steam. For over a decade, since the end of the commodities supercycle,growth has be...
Published on
Assessment of Future Droughts in Vietnam Using High-Resolution Downscaled CMIP6 Projections
This study investigates drought conditions in Vietnam and its seven sub-climatic regions using the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). SPEI was derived from daily, high-resolut...
Published on
Economic Analysis of Projects: A Tool for Informed Financing Decisions
Project economic analysis (PEA) aims to evaluate ex-ante the various impacts of a project on all stakeholders, beyond its mere financial profitability. Long used by donors, it has come in for a lot of...
Published on
Potential sources of income inequality in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries
This paper examines income inequality in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) region, using recent harmonized household survey data across eight member countries. The study expl...
Published on
Marine heatwaves and coral bleaching: what are the opportunities and challenges for research and public policy...
Marine heatwaves, intensified by climate change, are placing increasing pressure on tropical coral reefs and threatening their resilience. Understanding these phenomena and their ecological impacts is...
Published on
Benin - Is the “Revelation” within reach?
Over the past several years, Benin has demonstrated promising momentum, characterized by strong and resilient economic growth and a drive for structural reforms. The macro-fiscal trajectory appears fa...
Published on
How to improve the Effectiveness of International Funding for Education? The Aligned Pooled Fund Approach
International aid still largely relies on project-based financing. However, this fragmented approach has revealed significant limitations: it often establishes parallel systems that compete with...
Published on
Tanzania— Faced with rapid population growth, a thriving economy is vital
Since gaining independence, Tanzania has maintained political stability and avoided major conflicts, despite recurring periods of authoritarian rule. This stability has fostered strong economic grow...
Published on
Strengthening Public Employment Programmes in South Africa’s Social Protection Framework
South Africa faces an enduring unemployment crisis compounded by structural inequalities. Public Employment Programs (PEPs) represent a critical intervention in this landscape, offering income support...
Published on
Clean Cooking: Insights from two new AFD and FID Experiments
At the crossroads of environmental, health and social issues, universal access to clean and efficient cooking (CEC) is crucial. While international funding is being mobilized to support this transitio...
Published on
Systemic exclusion from a South African social assistance transfer
Approximately half of the target population is excluded from a South African social assistance programme intended to provide income support to working-age adults—the Covid 19 Social Relief of Distress...
Published on
AI Investment Potential Index 2025
The AI Investment Potential Index (AIIPI) 2025 represents a significant advancement in the systematic evaluation of global readiness and attractiveness for artificial intelligence (AI) investments. Bu...
Published on
Côte d’Ivoire:Macro-financial resilience and pursuit of an emerging ambition
Since emerging from its “lost decade” (2000-2010), Côte d'Ivoire has enjoyed strong economic growth (+7.2% since 2012). Resilient in the face of successive external shocks, it has confirmed its positi...
Published on
L'économie africaine 2025: English version of Introduction & 1st Chapter
Since 2020, La Découverte and the Agence Française de Développement (AFD) have published an annual edition of L’Économie africaine, aiming to provide an accessible macroeconomic analysis of the Africa...
Published on
