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The agrarian question in South Africa
The end of apartheid and Nelson Mandela’s election as President of the Republic turned a page in the history of South Africa. In 1994, some 60,000 (white) farmers held around 87 million hectares of la...
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Niger
Located in the heart of the Sahel, Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world. Landlocked and subject to extreme weather, the country currently faces the challenges of high population growth a...
Regions and countries
Securing pastoral mobility in Sahel
Pastoralism has long been regarded as archaic, but recent research shows that pastoral systems can effectively exploit the characteristic instability of dryland ecosystems and make productive use of t...
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Agriculture, Forests and Climate Change: Can Labelling Play a Part?
In the 2009 summit in Copenhagen, the international community agreed to mitigate climate change by assuring that global temperature will not increase more than 2°C between the pre-industrial period (1...
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Agricultural Credit: Assessing the Use of Interest Rate Subsidies
Since the beginning of the 20th century, interest rate subsidies have been one of the tools used all around the world for developing agriculture, especially by major agricultural countries such as Fra...
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Cities in Climate Change Mitigation Policy
Based on an in-depth review of scientific and institutional literature, this document seeks to identify what urban measures contribute efficiently to low-carbon urban development. It focuses on the co...
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Facing Water Scarcity in the Mediterranean
Pressure on water resources has reached critical levels in many countries in the Mediterranean Basin. Sophisticated water mobilization strategies have been implemented but physical, financial and envi...
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Overextraction of Groundwater Resources: What Are The Solutions?
The amount of water extracted from aquifers worldwide has increased threefold in the past fifty years, leading to an aggravated overdraft of these common resources. This “pumping race” brings about ma...
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When Can Work Performed by Women Become a Factor in Their Empowerment? - Women‘s access to quality employment ...
The employment of women in Morocco, Tunisia and Türkiye is not necessarily equated with financial, social and/or political empowerment. Though the three countries share striking similarities as regard...
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Sub-Saharan Africa's significant changes in food consumption patterns
Self-produced food amounts to less than half of the total food that people consume, and the provision of food is therefore largely reliant on market supply, in urban and rural areas alike; domestic fo...
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Nigeria: The Restrained Ambitions of Africa‘s Largest Economy
With 180 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. Its economy is also the strongest. Just twice as large as France in size, its people are also very diverse: more than 250...
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Vulnerabilities to climate change in the French overseas territories and small island states
The Physical Vulnerability to Climate Change Index (PVCCI) measures the vulnerability of small island territories to the impacts of climate change, whether periodic (cyclones, droughts) or progressive...
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World Development Report - WDR 2015 - Progress and Limits
The innovative World Bank Report Mind, Society, and Behavior (WDR 2015) offers great prospects, focusing on the way in which human beings act according to the meaning they give to situations in which...
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Are the Cities of Sub-Saharan Africa so Dependent on Food Imports?
Prevalent in discussions of food provision issues in Western and Central Africa is the idea that urban centres in Western and Central Africa are dependent on food imports, and that urbanization is acc...
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Sahelian youth: dynamics of exclusion, means of integration
For twenty years now, the Sahel region has been marked by rising insecurity, political crises, and poorly controlled flows of people, arms and illegal goods, with a major risk of States becoming desta...
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Safety Nets in Africa : Effective Mechanisms to Reach the Poor and Most Vulnerable
The need for safety nets in Sub-Saharan Africa is vast. In addition to being the world‘s poorest region, Sub-Saharan Africa is also one of the most unequal. In this context, redistribution must be see...
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Fostering Impact Evaluation at the Agence Française de Développement: a process of building in-house ownership...
In 2006, the Evaluation Unit of the Agence Française de Développement (AFD) was incorporated into the Research Department in order to integrate a research strand into the work of evaluation. This new...
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Access to Water and Militant Uses of the Law - A Case Study in Soweto
At the end of apartheid, in 1994, hopes for political, economic and social renewal are emerging in South Africa. Among the preoccupations of the new ANC government: wipe out inequalities and generaliz...
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Energy Efficiency Retrofitting of Buildings Challenges and Methods. Research Program in Hubei Province, China
Energy efficiency retrofitting of existing buildings was long ignored by public authorities who favored energy efficiency policies in new buildings, which are easier to implement. It has now become in...
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Local Government in Palestine
While the international community and the parties involved in the Israeli-Arab and Israeli-Palestinian conflict have focused their attention on the construction of a Palestinian state for nearly two d...
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