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The effectiveness of an environmental credit line in Egypt: Synergies between market incentive and binding reg...
Among the many embodiments of the global sustainable development project, “green finance” is gaining ground and profile. Designed to both avoid investments with a negative environmental impact and mak...
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Intervention framework Nigeria 2014-2016
Intervention framework Nigeria 2014-2016
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AFD Group’s policy to prevent and combat Prohibited practices (2020)
The purpose of this document is to outline the policy of Agence Française de Développement and its subsidiaries to prevent, detect and combat any act of corruption, fraud, money laundering, terrorist...
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State and Local Government Climate Initiatives
This study conducted by AFD, in partnership with I4CE, proposes an analysis of the commitment by the States of 51 developing and emerging countries to fostering climate policies implemented by their l...
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Climate & Development - 2017-2022 Strategy
AFD was one of the first international donors to integrate the fight against climate change into its practices. This approach, initiated more than a decade ago, is based both on the principle that the...
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The IDFC Green Finance Mapping Report for 2015-2016
The IDFC, the International Development Finance Club, formed in 2011 brings together 23 leading international, national and sub regional development banks from Africa, Asia, Europe, and Central and So...
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An Input-Output Analysis: What Would a Low-Carbon Economy for Brazil Mean?
Mixing economic growth with low-carbon objectives entails multidimensional challenges among which a shift in employment and a rapid transformation of infrastructure are involved. The aim of this paper...
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Improving European coordination in fragile states - Main report
This document is the main report of a study carried out by the Centre for EU Studies (CEUS), Ghent University, and commissioned by the Practitioners’ Network for European development cooperation in 20...
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Social Cohesion and inequality in South Africa
We examine recent trends in social cohesion and inequality, and the relationship between the two in South Africa using date from the South African Reconciliation Barometer Surveys. Given that the coun...
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Vulnerabilities to Crises and Resilience - 2017-2021 Strategy: Executive summary
AFD has chosen to make the fight against vulnerabilities and the response to crises one of the main axes of its activity. Indeed in the 2025 prospective exercise that AFD undertook, the crises – envir...
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A Poverty Forecasting Tool
Poverty reduction has become the focus of economic policy in many Sub-Saharan African countries. As a result, a need for new social indicators has arisen to monitor the application and effectiveness o...
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Aid Selectivity According to Augmented Criteria
A dominant trend in the literature maintains that donor assistance should be targeted to poor countries with sound institutions and policies. In this context, donor selectivity refers to what extent a...
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Assessing Credit Guarantee Schemes for SME, Finance in Africa - Evidence from Ghana, Kenya, South Africa and T...
To assess credit guarantee schemes (CGSs) in Ghana, Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania, the authors investigated the entire supply chain running from credit guarantee providers to banks (and other finan...
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Economic and Financial Transition - 2021-2025 Strategy
The financial and economic transition designates a process through which an economy is transformed in order to build sustainable long-term economic, social and environmental balances. To respond more...
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AFD and China
Located in East Asia, China is the most populous country in the world (1.4 billion people). It is also a huge territory with an exceptional natural and cultural heritage. Since 2004, AFD has been w...
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AFD and the water and sanitation sector in Kenya
Kenya has embarked on an ambitious Water and Sanitation Sector Development Program. In order to contribute to its achievement, AFD is focusing on three main strategic lines: Improving access to...
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Inequalities and environmental changes in the Mekong region: A systematic mapping
How do accelerating environmental changes impact inequalities and how do rising inequalities affect in reverse environmental dynamics? This paper is built on a systematic mapping (2019-2021) studying...
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Displaced Sand, Displaced People: Examining the Livelihood Impacts of Sand Mining in Cambodia
This working paper focuses on the livelihood impacts of river sand mining in Cambodia. We draw on two examples: (a) that of sand miners, working directly in riverbed sand mining in and around Phnom Pe...
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AFD and Sustainable Urban Development in China
The record urban development which has accompanied China’s economic growth has raised huge challenges in terms of access to urban amenities and the limitation of the environmental footprint of cities....
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AFD and the Development of a Green Financial System in China
The Chinese government has set itself highly ambitious aims in the fight against climate change, in particular its target for carbon neutrality by 2060. To reach these goals, the financial sector and...
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