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Occupational Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap in Egypt, 1998–2023
Female labor force participation in Egypt remains low, and wages consistently under-reward women compared to men. This disparity is partly driven by the systematic channeling of women into lower-payin...
Publication
The Use of Information and Communication Technology in the Workplace in Egypt
The dynamic intersection between technology and labor constitutes the focal point of labor market policies designed to align with technological transitions. Studying the characteristics of digitized w...
Publication
The Evolution of Social Protection in Egypt, 2006-2023
This paper examines the trends in social protection coverage in Egypt over the 2006-2023 period. The different forms of protection that we analyze include contributory social insurance schemes, employ...
Publication
What are "nature-based solutions"?
From food and health to climate action, nature offers effective, low-cost, and sustainable solutions to many of today’s societal challenges. Agence Française de Développement (AFD) is particularly att...
News
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Evaluation of a series of policy-based loans to support the energy sector reform in Albania (CAL1004 ; CAL1019...
The high-level objectives of the PBL were to enable the GoA, through targeted support, to fulfill its international commitments related to energy sector reform, and to assist the GoA in establishing a...
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Evaluation of Ghana Urban Management Pilot Programme (GUMPP) 2012-2021 (CGH1089)
The general purpose of the project is to improve living conditions in secondary cities through a policy of developing urban infrastructure in municipalities committed to improving their management....
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5 years on: new Kiwa Initiative projects
To mark its fifth anniversary, in August 2025, the Kiwa Initiative launched fifteen new local projects, whose objectives include restoring forests with native species, protecting coral reefs, developi...
News
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How can research inform public policies in Viet Nam in the face of climate change and energy transition?
Viet Nam is aiming for Net-Zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, while sustaining economic growth. Achieving these targets is even more challenging due to global warming, especially increased cli...
Publication
Làm thế nào để nghiên cứu có thể cung cấp thông tin đầu vào cho chính sách công ở Việt Nam trong bối cảnh biến...
Việt Nam đặt mục tiêu đạt phát thải ròng bằng 0 (Net-Zero) vào năm 2050, đồng thời duy trì tăng trưởng kinh tế. Việc đạt được các mục tiêu này càng trở nên thách thức hơn do hiện tượng nóng lên to...
Publication
Are Municipal Governance Issues Worsening the Effects of Inequality in South Africa?
In South Africa, inequalities do not exist in isolation but are fundamentally shaped by spatial factors. The legacy of apartheid, which used spatial segregation to enforce exclusionary policies, conti...
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Pilot Project on Blue Carbon Ecosystems
This project is part of AFD’s Blue Carbon Facility, which aims to accelerate the protection and restauration of coastal ecosystems with high carbon sequestration potential, such as mangroves and seagr...
Project
How Can Ecuador’s Peanut Value Chain Be Strengthened? Challenges, Opportunities, and Pathways for Sustainable...
The peanut is a traditional crop in Ecuador, characterized by its quality and variety diversity. However, its development and exploitation have been limited, largely due to its primarily family-based...
Publication
Thibault VASSE
Profile
Country Risk Economist
Macroeconomics, Development Economics, Public Finance, Climate & Biodiversity
Thibault Vasse is an economist in the team responsible for assessing country and sovereign risks in AFD’s countries of operation.
Can social inclusion benefit ecosystems?
With 17,500 islands and 54,000 km of coastline, Indonesia is heavily dependent on its marine ecosystems. However, these areas are currently under strain due to significant demographic, economic, and e...
Publication
Agriculture, rural development and biodiversity - 2024 Activity Report
AFD financing in areas such as farming, livestock raising, management of forest and fishery resources, as well as ecosystem preservation adopts an integrated territorial approach that takes climate ch...
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Infographic - Our activity to support agriculture, rural development and biodiversity in 2024
In 2024, AFD Group made significant commitments to agriculture, rural development and biodiversity, amounting to €1.7 billion. AFD’s investments focused in particular on agricultural sectors, climate...
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Opportunities to address inequality in transition
South Africa has high levels of persistent, structural inequality. Social ownership has remerged in recent years as an opportunity to address inequality, particularly in the context of the just transi...
Publication
Uganda: Microfinance Boosts Businesses
AFD is committed to enhancing financial inclusion for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Uganda through its partnership with Pride Microfinance. This collaboration improves access to essenti...
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Changes in Temperature and Rainfall Extremes in Vietnam under Progressive Global Warming Levels from 1.5ºC t...
This study analyzes projected climate extremes in Vietnam using 33 statistically downscaled CMIP6 models across global warming levels (GWLs) from 1.5°C to 4°C. Results reveal significant regional chan...
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