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AFD and sustainable urban transport and mobility
Urban mobility is a core challenge for cities. In order to ensure that development is sustainable, inclusive and economically effective, the challenge lies in limiting the congestion that hinders citi...
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AFD Group and Türkiye
Türkiye has undergone rapid development and transformation in recent decades. Today, its challenge is to rebuild itself in the aftermath of the earthquakes of February 2023, aiming for greater resili...
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Brochure AFD and Mozambique
Mozambique has recorded one of the highest economic growth rates in Africa since the end of the civil war in 1992. The recent discoveries of significant coal and gas deposits and the phasing in of the...
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Brochure AFD and energy transition in island territories
In the energy sector, island states and France’s overseas territories have a number of common characteristics that are specific to isolated systems: absence of local fossil resources, high cost of fue...
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AFD and Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka reached the lower middle-income status in 2010 and continued to experience rapid economic growth during the following years. The country alsoexperienced free elections in January 2015 that c...
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The Economics of Spatial Sustainability: General Theory and Application to Climate Change
This paper formalizes the notion of "spatial sustainability‘ of an economy in the presence of local and global environmental externalities. An extension is offered here of a new economic geography (NE...
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Energy and Development in Emerging Countries
Energy is an important component of the economy and is a fundamental factor of production. In general we expect is use to grow in some relation to growth in economic activity. Empirically we see a clo...
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AFD and South Africa
Present in South Africa since 1994, AFD offers innovative financing solutions and technical assistance to support the South African government in its development policy. AFD works with government part...
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Green Growth and its Implications for Public Policy: The Case of South Africa
South Africa is a rapidly growing middle-income economy with a coal-based energy system that generates high greenhouse gases emissions, on a par with the richest economies in the world. The country ha...
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AFD - Overview
Building a more just and more sustainable world for all – a world in common – requires successfully achieving five main transitions, both over here and over there: energy, digital, territorial, demogr...
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Cocoa farmers’ agricultural practices and livelihoods in Côte d’Ivoire
Cocoa production in Côte d‘Ivoire has more than doubled over the last four decades, from 565 thousand tons in 1984 to approximatively 1.5 million tons in recent years. This increase has been mainly du...
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The Quality of Growth: Accounting for Sustainability
This paper has three purposes. First, it follows the UN conceptual and measurement approach in providing a welfare theoretic framework for sustainability. The intergenerational conditions for sustaina...
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Holding Land in Common within Cities
In the Global South, access to decent housing and secure land tenure remains a great challenge for most urban dwellers. Yet secure land tenure is a key component of urban resilience. This paper summar...
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Afd2025: Development agencies, steering through future worlds
What world awaits us in 2025? How to gear up for it and build a world which attracts us? AFD has conducted an impressive forward-looking exercise – Afd2025. Its initiators tell us about the four scena...
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The AFD Carbon Footprint Tool for projects - User’s Guide and Methodology
AFD (Agence Française de Développement) aims to promote low-carbon development through the projects it finances, in line with France’s commitment to combat climate change and AFD’s strategic orientati...
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AFD Group Exclusion list
The objective of the exclusion list is to clearly indicate the activities that the Group refuses to finance due to ethical, regulatory, environmental or social criteria, and arising from the applicati...
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Environmental and Social Risk Management Policy for AFD-funded Operations
Environmental and Social Risk Management Policy for AFD-funded Operations
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Climate activity of the AFD Group in 2016
Over 3.5 billion euros dedicated to climate: commitments continuously rising
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Indonesia: Reforms to Meet Development Challenges
The Indonesian economy is experiencing structural changes and must deal with new challenges in an uncer¬tain international setting. In the past decade, its industry has undergone reprimarization (focu...
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