Energie du Mali, or the paradoxes of a "resounding failure"

It is generally agreed the last public-private partnership in which EDM was engaged, from 2000 to 2005, was a "resounding failure": international donors, professionals, and the totality of the Malian population are in agreement on this matter. The present study is opposed to such interpretations, which result from distorted and normative readings of the situation that obscure the complex processes at work. (...)