Most papers dealing with energy efficiency policies focus on the policies and measures implemented in OECD countries and this may lead one to think that only the “rich” countries are developing efforts in this field. International experience shows that emerging countries and even poor developing countries understand that energy efficiency is a prerequisite for their economic and environmentally friendly development. Among these countries, China, India, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam have implemented particularly interesting policies, some of which were launched several decades ago. Moreover, Agence Française de développement (AFD) has active cooperation programs in these five countries. This study describes the current situation and recent trends in final energy demand in these countries, as well as the policies and measures they are implementing in the field of end-use energy efficiency.