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Three Oceans Strategy
Present in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, France has five departments and regions and seven overseas collectivities which are home to 2.7 million French citizens. Scattered across the globe,...
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The Challenges of Achieving Universal Electrification
This study takes stock of national off-grid electrification strategies, focusing mainly on two technical options: mini-grids and individual solar systems. It provides recommendations regarding the amb...
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The economic trigger: Enabling gendered social inclusion processes and outcomes amidst poverty escapes in Nige...
This mixed methods paper explores social inclusion of poor women and children in Niger and Malawi. We identify social inclusion outcomes focused primarily on access to education and health, and suppor...
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Climate: the double life of wastewater
In Tunisia, climate change is likely to exacerbate an already critical situation of water stress. While demand is growing, Water is becoming scarce. Following the Paris Climate Agreement, AFD has l...
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Making Food a “Common Good”: Lessons From Three Experiences to Fight Malnutrition
Food supply is caught in a powerful paradox. The right to food is one of the most established and codified human rights. However, almost a billion people – one person out of nine – currently suffer fr...
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Rethinking Urban Food Supply in the Global South
Challenging misconceptions in order to improve public policy. Many misconceptions exist surrounding urban food supply in the Global South. They result in part from a fragmented vision of the food sect...
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The Clean Oceans Initiative
An estimated 8 million tonnes of plastic waste and 1.5 million tonnes of microplastics enter the oceans every year. This threatens marine ecosystems as well as the communities relying on the seas for...
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AFD and the Green Climate Fund: feedback
In 2015, the French Development Agency (AFD) was accredited to the Green Climate Fund (GCF), a central institution of multilateral climate finance. This memorandum presents the GCF, explains AFD's int...
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Committed emissions and the risk of stranded assets from power plants in Latin America and the Caribbean
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has the least carbon-intensive electricity sector of any region in the world, as hydropower remains the largest source of electricity. But are existing plans cons...
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Summary on the IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC)
Immediately after COP21 in 2015, the Parties requested the IPCC to issue a special report on the ocean and the cryosphere. Entitled "IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and the Cryosphere in a changing c...
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Minka Lake Chad Initiative
The violence linked to the Boko Haram crisis has had an impact far beyond the birthplace of the movement in northeast Nigeria, its combat zones and the areas to which its fighters have withdrawn. The...
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Minka Sahel Initiative
The security, humanitarian, and sociopolitical situation in the Sahel has continued to deteriorate since the 2012 crisis in Mali, with a significant increase in conflict hotspots. More than one millio...
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Minka CAR Initiative
The Central African Republic (CAR) is experiencing a situation of chronic conflict, with militant activity by armed groups spreading over a large swath of the country, including violent attacks agains...
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Minka Middle East Initiative
The wars in Syria and Iraq have driven more than 15 million people to flee their homes and have caused the largest population displacement in the Middle East since World War II. The top host countries...
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Towards a Sustainable Belt and Road Initiative?
The study of China’s international financial flows shows that it has become a major player in international financing. With the Belt and Road Initiative, China has promoted a narrative of development...
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AFD Group and Georgia
AFD Group promotes a fair and inclusive transition in Georgia, and its convergence path towards its integration in the European Union. It has been operating in Georgia since 2012 in the sectors of ene...
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Inequality trends in South Africa: A multidimensional diagnostic of inequality
This report on inequality trends in South Africa is a joint publication produced by Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) in partnership with the Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit (SAL...
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AFD and State-Owned Enterprises
State-owned enterprises (SOEs) play a role in the implementation of development policies. For this reason, they are key players in a country’s economic and social environment, and improving their perf...
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Part 1: I4CE - A Framework for Alignment with the Paris Agreement: Why, What and How for Financial Institution...
Alignment with the Paris Agreement has become the new frontier of climate finance. Financial institutions, whether seeking sustainable development impacts or with commercial goals, are increasingly co...
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The sanitation challenge in Mauritania
In Mauritania, only 15% of the rural population has access to sanitation. As part of the Sahel Alliance, AFD and the European Union are supporting the Mauritanian authorities to raise awareness of go...
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